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කුෂාණ අධිරාජ්‍යය

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්
"Kushan" මෙතැනට යළියොමුවෙයි. the fictional video game race සඳහා, Homeworld බලන්න. East African Kingdom සඳහා, Kingdom of Kush බලන්න.

Kushan Empire

Κυϸανο  (බැක්ට්‍රියානු)
Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν (Greek)
30–375
A map of India in the 2nd century CE showing the extent of the Kushan Empire (in yellow) during the reign of Kanishka. Most historians consider the empire to have variously extended as far east as the middle Ganges plain,[1] to Varanasi on the confluence of the Ganges and the Jumna,[2][3] or probably even Pataliputra.[4][5]
A map of India in the 2nd century CE showing the extent of the Kushan Empire (in yellow) during the reign of Kanishka. Most historians consider the empire to have variously extended as far east as the middle Ganges plain,[1] to Varanasi on the confluence of the Ganges and the Jumna,[2][3] or probably even Pataliputra.[4][5]
තත්ත්වයNomadic empire
අගනුවරBagram (Kapiśi)
Peshawar (Puruṣapura)
Taxila (Takṣaśilā)
Mathura (Mathurā)
පොදු භාෂාවන්Greek (official until ca. 127)[6]
Bactrian[7] (official from ca. 127)
Sanskrit[8]
ආගම
Buddhism[9]
Hinduism[10]
Zoroastrianism[11]
රජයMonarchy
Emperor 
• 30–80
Kujula Kadphises
• 350–375
Kipunada
ඓතිහාසික යුගයClassical Antiquity
• Kujula Kadphises unites Yuezhi tribes into a confederation
30
• Subjugated by the Sasanians, Guptas, and Hepthalites[12]
375
වර්ග ප්‍රමාණය
200 est.[13]2,000,000 km2 (770,000 sq mi)
200 est.[14]2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi)
ව්‍යවහාර මුදලKushan drachma
පූර්වප්‍රාප්ති වනුයේ		 අනුප්‍රාප්ති වනුයේ
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Indo-Scythians
Sasanian Empire
Gupta Empire
Nagas of Padmavati
Kidarites

The Kushan Empire (පුරාතන ග්‍රීක: Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν; බැක්ට්‍රියානු: Κυϸανο, Kushano; Late Brahmi Sanskrit: , Ku-ṣā-ṇa, Kuṣāṇa; Devanagari සංස්කෘත: कुषाण राजवंश, Kuṣāṇa Rājavaṃśa; BHS: Guṣāṇa-vaṃśa; පාර්තියානු: 𐭊𐭅𐭔𐭍 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓, Kušan-xšaθr; චීන: 貴霜[15]) was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India,[16] at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Varanasi (Benares), where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great.[17]

Rulers

One of the most recent list of rulers with dates is as follows:[18]

  • Heraios (c. 1 – 30), first king to call himself "Kushan" on his coinage
"Great Kushans";
"Little Kushans";

සැකිල්ල:Kushans

මේවාත් බලන්න

සටහන්

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

  1. ^ Romila Thapar (2004). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8.
  2. ^ Burton Stein (2010). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1.
  3. ^ Peter Robb (2011). A History of India. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-230-34549-2.
  4. ^ Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2016). A History of India. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-24212-3.
  5. ^ Di Castro, Angelo Andrea; Hope, Colin A. (2005). "The Barbarisation of Bactria" in Cultural Interaction in Afghanistan c 300 BCE to 300 CE. Melbourne: Monash University Press. pp. 1–18, map visible online page 2 of Hestia, a Tabula Iliaca and Poseidon's trident. ISBN 978-1876924393.
  6. ^ The Kushans at first retained the Greek language for administrative purposes but soon began to use Bactrian. The Bactrian Rabatak inscription (discovered in 1993 and deciphered in 2000) records that the Kushan king Kanishka the Great (c. 127 AD), discarded Greek (Ionian) as the language of administration and adopted Bactrian ("Arya language"), from Falk (2001): "The yuga of Sphujiddhvaja and the era of the Kuṣâṇas." Harry Falk. Silk Road Art and Archaeology VII, p. 133.
  7. ^ The Bactrian Rabatak inscription (discovered in 1993 and deciphered in 2000) records that the Kushan king Kanishka the Great (c. 127 AD), discarded Greek (Ionian) as the language of administration and adopted Bactrian ("Arya language"), from Falk (2001): "The yuga of Sphujiddhvaja and the era of the Kuṣâṇas." Harry Falk. Silk Road Art and Archaeology VII, p. 133.
  8. ^ The Sanskrit word vaṃśa (dynasty) affixed to Gushana (Kushana), i.e. Gushana-vaṃśa (Kushan dynasty) appears on a dedicatory inscription at Manikiala stupa, in The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, University of California Press, 1967, p.7 & 8
  9. ^ Liu 2010, පිටු අංකය: 61.
  10. ^ Bopearachchi 2007, පිටු අංකය: 45.
  11. ^ Golden 1992, පිටු අංකය: 56.
  12. ^ "Afghanistan: Central Asian and Sassanian Rule, ca. 150 B.C.-700 A.D." United States: Library of Congress Country Studies. 1997. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 16 අගෝස්තු 2012.
  13. ^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (දෙසැම්බර් 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 12 සැප්තැම්බර් 2016.
  14. ^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 132. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
  15. ^ The Dynasty Arts of the Kushans, University of California Press, 1967, p.7
  16. ^ http://www.kushan.org/general/other/part1.htm and Si-Yu-Ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, (Tr. Samuel Beal: Travels of Fa-Hian, The Mission of Sung-Yun and Hwei-S?ng, Books 1–5), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. London. 1906 and Hill (2009), pp. 29, 318–350
  17. ^ which began about 127 CE. "Falk 2001, pp. 121–136", Falk (2001), pp. 121–136, Falk, Harry (2004), pp. 167–176 and Hill (2009), pp. 29, 33, 368–371.
  18. ^ Cribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). p. 4.icon of an open green padlock
  19. ^ a b c The Glorious History of Kushana Empire, Adesh Katariya, 2012, p.69

Sources

සැකිල්ල:History of India සැකිල්ල:History of Afghanistan

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කුෂාණ අධිරාජ්‍යය හා සබැඳි මාධ්‍ය විකිමාධ්‍ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත.

සැකිල්ල:Central Asian history සැකිල්ල:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia සැකිල්ල:Ancient South Asia and Central Asia

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