Otrantska vrata

Otrantska vrata
Mapa koja pokazuje lokaciju Otrantskog moreuza
Koordinate	40° 13′ 10″ S; 18° 55′ 32″ I
Maks. širina	72 km (45 mi) km
Pros. dubina	18 m (59 ft) m
Otrantska vrata Otrantska vrata
Vodena površina na Vikimedijinoj ostavi

Otrantska vrata (alb. Ngushtica e Otrantos; ital. Canale d'Otranto; hrv. Otrantska Vrata) morski su prolaz (moreuz) između Apeninskog poluostrva (juž. Italija) i Balkanskog poluostrva (juž. Albanija s grčkim ostrvom Krfom). Otrantskim vratima se spajaju Jadransko i Jonsko more, a odvajaju Apeninsko i Balkansko poluostrvo. Moreuz je dobio ime po gradu Otrantu na zapadnoj obali moreuza, u italijanskoj pokrajini Apuliji. Prolaz je širok 72-140 km, a dubok do 1.000 m.

Zaliv Valona.

Luka Otranto.

Kroz Otrantska vrata ulazi u Jadransko more ogranak glavne sredozemne struje. Površinska ulazna struja teče uz istočnu (balkansku), a izlazna uz zapadnu (apeninsku) obalu. Značajno je sezonsko kolebanje površinksih struja (brzina i razvijenost). Otrantska vrata imaju veliki morsko-strateški značaj, jer blokadom relativno uskog prolaza zatvara se jadranski prostor.

Istorija

Otrantski moreuz je od davnina bio od vitalnog strateškog značaja. Rimljani su ga koristili za transport svojih trupa na istok. Legije su marširale do Brundizijuma (sada Brindizija), imale su samo jednodnevno pomorsko putovanje do teritorije moderne Albanije, a zatim su mogle da se kreću na istok prateći Ignjatijev put.

Otrantski moreuz na karti s početka 17. veka

Prvi svetski rat

Tokom Prvog svetskog rata moreuz je bio od strateškog značaja. Savezničke mornarice Italije, Francuske i Velike Britanije su blokiranjem moreuza, uglavnom lakim pomorskim snagama i lako naoružanim ribarskim brodovima poznatim kao drifteri, ometale opreznu Austrougarsku mornaricu da slobodno uđe u Sredozemno more i efektivno ih držale van Pomorskog teatra rata. Blokada je bila poznata kao 'Otrantski baraž'.

Međutim, baraž je bio notorno neefikasan protiv nemačkih i austrijskih podmornica koje su delovale van Jadrana, koje su zadavale muke savezničkim silama tokom većeg dela rata širom Sredozemnog mora.

Posle pada gvozdene zavese

Albanija i Italija su 1992. godine potpisale sporazum koji je razgraničio epikontinentalni pojas između dve zemlje u moreuzu. Kakva god da su administrativna prava nad moreuzom data Albaniji, ona ne menjaju mnogo u odnosu na prethodni sporazum Otranta.

U 1997. i 2004. godini, skoro 100 ljudi je poginulo pokušavajući da ilegalno pređe moreuz nakon nemira 1997. u Albaniji i loših ekonomskih uslova u tragediji u Otrantu i tragediji na Karaburunu.

Albanska vlada je 2006. godine uvela moratorijum na motorne jedrilice na svim jezerima, rekama i morima u Albaniji da bi suzbila organizovani kriminal. Jedini izuzetak od pravila su čamci u vlasništvu vlade, čamci u stranom vlasništvu, ribarski čamci i mlazni čamci. Godine 2010, moratorijum je produžen do 2013. godine.

Vidi još

• Moreuz

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