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Gulu la Nkhondo la Malaŵi

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Malawian Defence Force
Coat of arms of Malawi
Service branchesMalawi Army
Maritime Force[1]
Malawi Air Force
HeadquartersKamazu Barracks, Lilongwe
Leadership
Commander-in-Chief
and Minister of Defence		Lazarus Chakwera
Commander of the Defence ForceVincent Nundwe
Personnel
Military age18
Active personnel25,500
Expenditures
Budget$70 million (FY00/01)
Percent of GDP0.76% (FY00/01)
Industry
Foreign suppliersFrance
Russia
United Kingdom
United States
Related articles
HistoryMozambican Civil War
Operation Bwezani
M23 Rebellion
ADF Insurgency
RanksMilitary ranks of Malawi

Gulu la Nkhondo la Malawi[2] ni wupu wa boma uwo ukuvikilira Malaŵi. Gulu ili likafuma ku gulu la British King's African Rifles, ilo likaŵa na ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake pambere charu chindambe kujiyimira mu 1964.

Gulu la ŵasilikari lili pasi pa Unduna wa vya Kuvikilira.

Wankhondo wa Malawi

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Pambere Malawi wandaŵe wakujiyimira yekha, wakathembanga ku malo gha nkhondo gha ku Rhodesia, pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito vinthu vyawo pa caru cose, m'malo mwa ku malo ghakupambanapambana.[3] Gulu la Malawi Rifles likapangika apo charu ichi chikapokera wanangwa kufuma ku Britain mu 1964. Gulu lake lakwamba likafuma ku gulu lakwamba la King's African Rifles. Pa nyengo iyi, gulu ili likazgoka 1st Battalion, The Malawi Rifles (King's African Rifles). Ŵakaŵa ku malo agho ghakazgoka likuru la ŵasilikari ŵa Malawi ku Cobbe Barracks, Zomba. Mu Meyi 1958, Cobbe Barracks ŵakayithya zina la Jenerale Alexander Cobbe VC wa ku Britain, uyo wakateŵeterapo na King's African Rifles. Ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵasilikari 2,000 pa nyengo iyo ŵakafwatukanga. Pa 6 Julayi 1966, Malawi yikazgoka charu cha chalo cha Malawi ndipo Kamuzu Banda wakaŵa purezidenti wakwamba. Pamanyuma pa ciphikiro ca kulapa, mulimo wake wakwamba ukaŵa wa kupeleka ku ŵasilikari ŵa mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma lakwake na mtundu uphya. Wakaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa Brigadier Paul Lewis, uyo wakaŵa wa ku Britain. Mu 1966, pafupifupi 60% ya ŵasilikari ŵa mu gulu ili ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari ŵacoko waka.[4]

Pamanyuma pa suzgo la nduna za boma mu 1964, gulu la Malawi Army likaparanya Henry Chipembere mu chigaŵa cha Mangochi na Machinga mu 1965. Mulinda munyake uyo wakathereskeka pa nyengo ya suzgo iyi wakaŵa Yatuta Chisiza. Chisiza wakachimbilira ku Tanzania, ndipo wakambiska Socialist League of Malawi, chipani chakususkana na boma la Malawi. Kweniso wakamba kucita milimo ya kuwukira boma la Banda. Mu 1967, Chisiza na ŵanthu ŵanyake 9 ŵakanjira mu chigaŵa cha Mwanza kufuma ku Tanzania. Mu nkhondo yakulondezgapo na ŵasilikari na Ŵachinyamata Ŵapayiniya pa Okutobala 9, 1967, wakakomeka pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵaŵiri ŵa gulu la ŵakugaluka; ŵankhondi ŵakakoleka; ndipo ŵanyake wose ŵakachimbira.[5]

Mu 1970, International Institute for Strategic Studies yikalemba kuti ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵasilikari 1,150.[6]

Malaŵi wakakolerana na Portugal pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Malaŵi (1964-1974), ndipo Malawi Army yikakolerana na Portugal Army pakusunga mphaka ya Malaŵi na Mozambique na kukora ŵakugaluka ŵa FRELIMO. FRELIMO yikati yatonda ndipo Mozambique yikati yapokera wanangwa, ŵapolisi ŵa ku Portugal na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakafumako ku gulu la FRELIMO ŵakanjira usilikari wa Malawi.[7]

Mulara wa gulu la Gurkha, John "Johnny" Clements, wakakwezgeka kuŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari mu Meyi 1971, ndipo wakalongozga gulu la Malawi Army mpaka Seputembala 1972. Pamanyuma pake, mulara wa ŵasilikari wakufipa wakwamba, Graciano Matewere, wakasankhika. Hastings Banda wakakwezga Matewere mwaluŵiro kuŵa Major General pamanyuma pa kupoka ndege ya South African Airways ku Blantyre mu 1972. Matewere wakafumapo pa nchito na Banda mu 1980 ndipo wakafwa mu 2001.[8]

Lipoti la mu 1985 ilo likapelekeka na wupu wakuwona vya nkhondo (Defense Intelligence Agency) likati: "Pali sukulu ya ŵasilikari [kung'anamura Kamuzu Military College, ku Salima] iyo njimoza mwa masukulu ghawemi chomene, ghakwendeskeka makora, na ghakovwira ŵasilikari mu vyaru vya ku Africa. Likucitiska masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵaphya, masambiro ghanandi gha ŵasilikari, masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵa ŵasilikari, masambiro gha ŵalongozgi ŵa gulu, masambiro gha ŵalongozgi ŵa gulu, masambiro gha kudumbiskana, masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵacoko, masambiro gha vyakurya, ndipo kunthazi lizamuŵaso masambiro gha ŵasilikari". Mwantheura, mulara wa ŵasilikari uyu wakaŵa Jenerale Melvin Khanga, pamoza na wachiŵiri wa mulara wa ŵasilikari, Lt. General Issac Yohane, na Director of Training Major General Wilfred Mponela.

Kusintha kwa demokalase

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Mu 1992-93, ŵasilikari ŵakacita mulimo wakuzirwa comene wa kukanizga muwuso wa Kamuzu Banda.

Pamanyuma pa kalata ya pa Malichi 8, 1992,

Pakaŵa vipharazgo vya ŵanthu wose vyakukhozgera ŵabishopu - comenecomene pa Yunivesite ya Blantyre na Zomba, uko ŵasilikari ŵakalongora kuti ŵakukhozgera ŵana ŵa sukulu na kulekeska ŵapolisi kucita nkhaza pa awo ŵakasuskanga. Ici cikaŵa cimanyikwiro cakwamba ca mulimo wa ŵasilikari. Mu Meyi 1992, ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakasuskanga boma ŵakalongozgana na ŵantchito ŵanyake awo ŵakachitanga sitiroko ku Blantyre. Mu mazuŵa ghaŵiri gha vivulupi, ŵapolisi na Ŵanyamata Ŵapayiniya ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasuskanga.[9][10]

Mu Disembala 1992:

Ŵasilikari ŵakanjilirapo kuti ŵajare ŵasilikari ŵa MYP. Kukangana mu bar mu.. Mu Mzuzu, Ŵanyamata Ŵapayiniya ŵakakoma ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa pakati na ŵacoko ŵakagalukira mulara wa ŵasilikari, Jenerale Isaac Yohane, ndipo ŵakathereska ofesi ya Unduna wa Ŵawukirano na maofesi ghanyake gha MYP mu Lilongwe, kweniso ŵakapoka katundu wa ku ofesi yikuru ya MCP. Kufuma apo, ŵasilikari ŵakaluta ku misasa ya MYP mu caru cose.[9]

Mulimo uwu ukacemekanga kuti "Bwezani", kung'anamura "kuwezgera" panji "kuwelera". Ici cikaŵa cakuzirwa comene mu mdauko wa ŵasilikari ŵa Malawi.

Dipatimenti ya vyaru vya ku mpoto yikati mu chaka cha ndalama cha 2003, boma la United States likasambizga ŵasilikari ŵa gulu la 2nd Battalion, Malawi Rifles, panji ku Kamuzu Barracks, Lilongwe, 3rd Battalion, Malawi Rifles (Moyale Barracks, Mzuzu), Parachute Battalion, na Combat Support Battalion (Mvera).

Mu Julayi 2004 Jenerale Joseph Chimbayo wakaloŵeleramo Marko Chiziko.[11] In 2011 General Chiziko was succeeded by Henry Odillo as MDF Commander.

Pa 5 Epulero 2012 apo Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika wakafwira, pakaŵa mphekesera za kuyezga kupoka boma kuti mubali Joyce Banda waleke kuŵa pulezidenti. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Jenerale Henry Odillo, ŵakanjilirapo na kulapa kuti ŵalutilirenge kukolerana na dango la Malawi. Ŵakaphalira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba ya Banda kuti ŵamuvikilire apo ŵakapulika kuti Mutharika wafwa. Kucita nthena kukawovwira kuti vinthu viŵe makora pa nyengo ya kusintha kwa mazaza.[12]

Malaŵi walembapo phangano lakwamba lakuti wanjire mu gulu la SADC Standby Brigade, ilo lili ku Southern Africa.

Pano pa MDF Museum, Zomba, gulu la nkhondo la Malawi lili na magalimoto 20 gha Fox agho ghachali kugwira ntchito, kuyana na IISS mu 2020-01.

Gulu la Force Intervention Brigade la United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo likapika mazaza na wupu wa United Nations Security Council pa 28 March 2013 kwizira mu resolution 2098. Ŵasilikari ŵakwamba 2,550 ŵakafuma ku Malawi, ku Tanzania People's Defence Force, na ku South Africa National Defence Force.

Peter Mutharika wakati waŵa purezidenti mu 2014, wakasintha mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari kanayi mu vilimika vinkhondi na cimoza. Pa Ogasiti 4, 2014, Jenerale Henry Odillo wakapeleka kwa Jenerale Ignaious Maulana, uyo wakaŵa Mulara wa Miliri. Mu Julayi/ Ogasiti 2016, Jenerale Maulana wakasintha na wachiŵiri wake wakale Griffin Supuni-Phiri. Kusintha kunyake kukacitika mu 2109. [1] Mu Malichi 2020, Jenerale Vincent Nundwe, uyo wakalumbika chifukwa cha umo ŵasilikari ŵakayigwilira ntchito kwa myezi 6 chifukwa cha kuwina kwa Mutharika, wakafumiskika pa udindo ndipo wakasinthika na Major General Andrew Lapken Namathanga, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo. Pakati pajumpha myezi yinkhondi na umoza, Pulezidenti muphya, Lazarus Chakwera, wakawezgerapo Nundwe.[13]

Pa 14 November 2018, pa nyengo ya FIB Rotation VI, mulara wa ŵasilikari, sergeant, corporal, na ŵasilikari ŵatatu ŵa MDF ŵakakomeka ku Congo.[14]

Magalimoto ghakwimikana na nkhondo

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Name Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Eland South Africa Armoured car Eland-90 30[15]
Ferret United Kingdom Armoured car 8[15]
FV721 Fox United Kingdom Armoured car 20[15]
RAM MK3 Israel Armoured car 8[15]
PUMA M26-15 South Africa MRAP 8[15]
Marauder South Africa MRAP 9[15]
Casspir South Africa MRAP 14[15]

Vipolopolo

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Zina Charu Type Variant In service Notes
L118 light gun United Kingdom Towed howitzer 9[15]
L16 81mm mortar United Kingdom Mortar L16A1 82[15]
ZPU Soviet Union Towed anti-aircraft gun ZPU-4 40[15]

Air Force

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Gulu la nkhondo la Malawi Air Force likakhazikiskika na boma la Germany mu 1976 ndipo likapeleka ndege za Dornier Do 27 na Do 28 mu 1976-1980. Kweniso mu nyengo yeneyiyi, ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo ŵakapokera Alouette III, AS 350 na AS 355 Ecureuil, kweniso ndege zitatu za SA 330 H/L Puma. Mu 1986, ndege yimoza ya BAe 125-800 yikapelekeka. Pakati pa 1986 na 1989, ŵakagura mathirakiti ghanayi gha Dornier 228 gha twin turbo. Mu 1990, ndege ziŵiri za Douglas C-47 izo zikaŵa na ndege za PT6A zikapelekeka kufuma ku United States.

Ndege izo zilipo sono

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Ndeke ya Doniya ya ku Malawi 228
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Transport
Xian MA600 China transport 1[16]
Dornier 228 Germany transport 3[16]
Helicopters
Eurocopter AS350 France light utility 2[16]
Eurocopter AS355 France utility 1[16]
Eurocopter AS532 France transport 1[16]
Aérospatiale Gazelle France scout / anti-armor SA341 2[16]
Aérospatiale SA330 France utility 2[16]

Ndege izo zaleka kugwira ntchito

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Ndege zakale izo zikaŵikika mu malo ghakusungiramo vinthu panji kufumamo mu uteŵeti ni Basler BT-67, Dornier Do27-A, British Aerospace 125, King Air 90, AS365 Dauphin, na Alouette III.[17][18]

[lemba | kulemba source]

Pakuŵa caru cambura maji, Malawi wali na ŵasilikari ŵacoko comene ŵa nkhondo. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Malaŵi ŵakugwira nchito pa Nyanja ya Malawi pera ndipo ŵali ku Monkey Bay. Gulu la Malawi Navy likapangika kumayambiriro kwa ma 1970, na wovwiri wa boma la Portugal Navy ilo likapeleka chigaŵa cha maboti ghake ku gulu la Nyassa Flotilla lakufuma ku chigaŵa cha Mozambique. Mu vyalo vinyake, maboti gha Malawi Navy ghakaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal. Mu 2007, maboti agha ghakaŵa na ŵanthu 220, ndipo ghakaŵa na maboti agha:

Wonaniso

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Vyakulemba

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  1. ↑ Wongane Chiuta (17 Malichi 2020). "Exit Nundwe at Malawi Army, Namathanga Now Commander".
  2. ↑ "2011 budget document" (PDF). Sdnp.org.mw. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 Okutobala 2014. Retrieved 23 Okutobala 2014.
  3. ↑ J.M. Lee (1969). African Armies and Civil Order. Studies in International Security. Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 58.
  4. ↑ Lee 1969, 109.
  5. ↑ "Operation Bwezani". Archived from the original on 14 Julayi 2011. Retrieved 6 Epulelo 2021.
  6. ↑ "The Armed Forces of African States," IISS Adelphi Paper, Part IV: Eastern and Southern Africa, p19.
  7. ↑ Finnegan (1992), p. 141.
  8. ↑ Malawi's first black army commander dies after a short illness, Associated Press, 2001; see also John Gray (2010). Climbing the Army Ladder. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781450078962.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Carver 1994.
  10. ↑ Carver citing Amnesty International, "Malawi March–July 1992: mass arrests of suspected government opponents", (AI Index: AFR 36/37/92), September 1992.
  11. ↑ 04LILONGWE652 Former Deputy Commander Becomes MDF Commander, July 14, 2004.
  12. ↑ "President Banda has her work cut out". Malawi Nyasa Times - Malawi breaking news in Malawi. Archived from the original on 15 Epulelo 2012. Retrieved 23 Okutobala 2014.
  13. ↑ https://www.voanews.com/africa/malawi-president-reinstates-fired-army-commander , 1 September 2020.
  14. ↑ Kaminjolo (16 Novembala 2018). "6 MDF soldiers killed in DRC". The Nation (Malawi). The names are listed at the National War Memorial Tower, Lilongwe.
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance. p. 475. ISBN 9781032012278.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 "World Air Forces 2023". Flightglobal Insight. 2023. Retrieved 24 Disembala 2022.
  17. ↑ "World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 21 Julayi 2015. Retrieved 18 Meyi 2015.
  18. ↑ l "World Air Forces 2000 pg. 75". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 7 Malichi 2016. Retrieved 18 Meyi 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Wertheim, Eric (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 452–453. ISBN 9781591149552. Archived from the original on 6 Julayi 2014. Retrieved 18 Malichi 2014.

Ukaboni

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Vinandi

[lemba | kulemba source]
  • Crosby, Cynthia A. Historical Dictionary of Malaŵi. Vol. 54. Scarecrow Press, 1993. "Army" entry.
  • Nelson, Harold D., Malawi: A Country Study, Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Washington DC, 1975.
  • Tim Lovering, "RACE AND HIERARCHY IN BRITAIN'S COLONIAL ARMY IN NYASALAND (MALAWI), 1891-1964," Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Vol. 91, No. 366 (Summer 2013), pp. 120–142.
  • Lieutenant Colonel A.D. Namangale psc, "A Brief History of the Malawi Rifles to Mark the Centenary of the Formation of the King's African Rifles 1902-2002." LMalawi Defence Forces Headquarters. 22 page illus. booklet. 2002. K200.
  • Jonathan Newell, "An African army under pressure: The politicisation of the Malawi army and ‘Operation Bwezani’, 1992–93, Small Wars and Insurgencies, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1995, pp159–182, https://doi.org/10.1080/09592319508423107.
  • James Njoloma, "The Malaŵi Army : a hundred years today, [Lilongwe?] : J. Njoloma, [1991] (details from WorldCat)
  • Hartone L. Phiri, "The Rebellion of Enlisted Personnel and Democratisation in Malawi" [1] Naval Postgraduate School, 2011
  • Martin Rupiya (2005). "The odd man out: A history of the Malawi army since July 1964". Evolutions and revolutions: A contemporary history of militaries in Southern Africa (PDF). Institute for Security Studies.
  • Tim Stapleton. "'Bad Boys': Infiltration and Sedition in the African Military Units of the Central African Federation (Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe) 1953-163." The Journal of Military History 73, no.4 (2009): 1167–1193.

Also relevant:

  • Brig. Gen. Marcel R.D. Chirwa, Malawi Security Sector Reform: A Return to Regular Order, Centre for Peace and Security Management, Lilongwe, Malawi, undated
  • Brig. Gen. Marcel R.D. Chirwa, Lake Malawi or Lake Nyasa: The Contested Name and Boundary between Landlocked Malawi and Tanzania, Centre for Peace and Security Management, Lilongwe, Malawi, August 2020

Vigaŵa vya kuwaro

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