1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake
 Photo of the partially collapsed ceiling vault of the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi after the earthquake | |
  | |
| UTC time | 1997-09-26 09:40:26 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 1043512 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 26 September 1997 |
| Local time | 11:40 |
| Magnitude | 6.0 Mw |
| Depth | 10 km (6.2 mi) |
| Epicenter | 43°05′02″N 12°48′43″E / 43.084°N 12.812°E |
| Areas affected | Italy (Umbria, Marche) |
| Max. intensity | MMI X (Extreme)[1] |
| Casualties | 11 dead 100 injured |
The 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake occurred in the regions of Umbria and Marche, central Italy on the morning of 26 September. It was preceded by a foreshock almost as strong as the main quake. The foreshock occurred at 02:33 CEST (00:33 UTC), rated Mw5.7, and the second – the main shock – occurred at 11:40 CEST (09:40 UTC), rated Mw 6.0. Their epicentre was in Annifo. The mainshock was assigned X (Extreme) and foreshock VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale.[2]
There were several thousands of foreshocks and aftershocks from May 1997 to April 1998, more than thirty of which had a magnitude more than 3.5. Eleven people are known to have died following the shocks.
List of foreshocks and aftershocks
[edit]Only shocks (both foreshocks and aftershocks) with magnitude 5.0 or higher are listed.[3]
| Date (YYYY-MM-DD) |
Time (UTC) |
Latitude | Longitude | Depth | Magnitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997-09-26 | 00:33:12 | 43.048° N | 12.879° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.7 (Mw ) |
| 1997-09-26 | 09:40:26 | 43.084° N | 12.812° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 6.0 (Mw ) |
| 1997-09-26 | 09:47:38 | 43.163° N | 12.752° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 4.7 (Mw ) |
| 1997-10-03 | 08:55:21 | 43.075° N | 12.794° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.3 (Mw ) |
| 1997-10-06 | 23:24:52 | 43.045° N | 12.835° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.5 (Mw ) |
| 1997-10-12 | 11:08:36 | 42.901° N | 12.897° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.3 (Mw ) |
| 1997-10-14 | 15:23:10 | 42.962° N | 12.892° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.6 (Mw ) |
| 1997-11-09 | 19:07:33 | 42.903° N | 12.948° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.0 (Mw ) |
| 1998-03-26 | 16:26:11 | 43.255° N | 12.969° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.4 (Mw ) |
| 1998-04-03 | 07:26:36 | 43.164° N | 12.701° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.2 (Mw ) |
| 1998-04-05 | 15:52:20 | 43.185° N | 12.719° E | 10 km (6 mi) | 5.0 (Mw ) |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "M 6.0 – 3 km SSE of Nocera Umbra, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ "M 5.7 – 6 km WSW of Serravalle di Chienti, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ "NEIC: Earthquake Search Results". United States Geological Survey. 2009-10-01. Archived from the original on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
Further reading
[edit]- Amato, A.; Azzara, R.; Chiarabba, C.; Cimini, G. B.; Cocco, M.; Di Bona, M.; Margheriti, L.; Mazza, S.; Mele, F.; Selvaggi, G.; Basili, A.; Boschi, E.; Courboulex, F.; Deschamps, A.; Gaffet, S.; Bittarelli, G.; Chiaraluce, L.; Piccinini, D.; Ripepe, M. (1998), "The 1997 Umbria-Marche, Italy, Earthquake Sequence: A first look at the main shocks and aftershocks" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 25 (15): 2861–2864, Bibcode:1998GeoRL..25.2861A, doi:10.1029/98GL51842, S2CID 140166678
- Cattaneo, M.; Augliera, P.; De Luca, G.; Gorini, A.; Govoni, A.; Marcucci, S.; Michelini, A.; Monachesi, G.; Spallarossa, D.; Trojani, L.; Xgums (2000), "The 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) earthquake sequence: Analysis of the data recorded by the local and temporary networks", Journal of Seismology, 4 (4): 401–414, Bibcode:2000JSeis...4..401C, doi:10.1023/A:1026511209166, S2CID 129453544
- Cinti, F. R. (2009), "The 1997-1998 Umbria-Marche post-earthquakes investigation: Perspective from a decade of analyses and debates on the surface fractures", Annals of Geophysics, 51 (2–3), CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.4395, doi:10.4401/ag-4450
- Dolce, M.; Masi, A.; Goretti, A. (2018), "Damage to buildings due to 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake", Seismic Damage to Masonry Buildings, pp. 71–80, doi:10.1201/9780203740040-6, ISBN 9780203740040, S2CID 135235868
- Ripepe, M.; Piccinini, D.; Chiaraluce, L. (2000), "Foreshock sequence of September 26th, 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquakes", Journal of Seismology, 4 (4): 387–399, Bibcode:2000JSeis...4..387R, doi:10.1023/A:1026508425230, S2CID 126729602
- Spence, Robin; d'Ayala, Dina (1999), "Damage Assessment and Analysis of the 1997 Umbria-Marche Earthquakes", Structural Engineering International, 9 (3): 229–233, doi:10.2749/101686699780482014
External links
[edit]- CFTI4med Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
- Earthquake Assisi, Italy – Terremoto Assisi, Italia 1997 – The only existing video footage of the quake, showing the moment it destroyed the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi.
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
