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1966 United States Supreme Court case
Bond v. Floyd United States Supreme Court case.
Julian Bond , an African American, was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in June 1965. Bond was a member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), which opposed the Vietnam War . After his election, during a news interview, Bond endorsed SNCC's views, stating that he did not support the war, and that, as a pacifist , he was opposed to all war. Members of the Georgia House of Representatives objected to Bond's statements, and petitioned to prohibit him from joining the House. A hearing was held, and Bond repeated his pacifist viewpoints, but maintained that he never urged draft-card burning or other law violations. The House committee voted to prohibit Bond from joining the House.
Bond sued in federal court, but the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia upheld the House, with a three-judge panel concluding 2–1 that Bond's remarks exceeded criticism of national policy and that he could not in good faith take an oath to support the state and federal constitutions. Judges Lewis Render Morgan and Griffin Bell ruled against Bond, while Elbert Tuttle dissented.
Bond appealed to the Supreme Court.
Opinion of the Court [ edit ] The Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, ordered the Georgia House of Representatives to permit Bond to take his seat. The Court held:
Though a State may impose oath requirements on legislators, it cannot limit their capacity to express views on local or national policy.
A majority of state legislators is not authorized to test the sincerity with which another duly elected legislator meets the requirement for holding office of swearing to support the Federal and State Constitutions.
The State may not apply to a legislator a First Amendment standard stricter than that applicable to a private citizen.
Public displays Statutory religious Public funding Religion in Private religious speech Internal church affairs Taxpayer standing Blue laws Other
Unprotected
Incitement sedition Defamation andfalse speech Fighting words andheckler's veto True threats Obscenity
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Strict scrutiny Overbreadth Vagueness Symbolic speech Content-based Content-neutral
Compelled speech Compelled subsidy
Government grants Government Loyalty oaths School speech Public employees Hatch Act andLicensing and Commercial speech
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Organizations Future Conduct Solicitation Membership restriction Primaries and elections
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