Caproidae

Boarfishes; Temporal range: Eocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Deepbody boarfish, Antigonia capros
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Caproidae; Bonaparte, 1835
Subfamilies and genera
	see text

Caproidae, or boarfishes, are a small family of marine fishes comprising two genera and 19 species. These fishes are found throughout the world in temperate and tropical seas.

Taxonomy

Caproidae was first proposed as a family in 1835 by the French naturalist and ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.^[1] Caproidae was formerly placed in the order Zeiformes with the dories, but were later moved to Perciformes based on percoid characteristics of the caudal skeleton and other morphological evidence.^[2] More recent revisions of Percomorpha have seen them placed in Caproiformes^[2]^[3] or Acanthuriformes.^[4]^[5]

Etymology

Caproidae comes from the genus name Capros which is derived from the Greek word kapros meanin "boar". This is a reference to the rather cylindrical snout, ending in a small mouth with a protrusible upper lip which Bonaparte thought had some resemblance to snout of a pig or boar.^[6]

Genera

Caproidae contains the following subfamilies and genera:^[7]

Antigoniinae D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1898^[1]
- Antigonia Lowe, 1843
- †Proantigonia Kramberger, 1882^[8]
- †Eoantigonia Baciu, Bannikov & Tyler, 2005^[8]
Caproinae * Bonaparte, 1835
- Capros Lacépède, 1802

Characteristics

Caproidae are characterised by small ctenoid scales covering the body. They have between 7 and 9 spines in the dorsal fin, there are 2 or 3 spines in the anal fin while the pelvic fins have one spine and five soft rays. The caudal fin is rounded. They have an obvious sagittal crest and pleural ribs. The vertebrate count is 21 to 23.^[2] These are small fishes with the largest species being the deepbody boarfish (Antigonia capros) which has a maximum published total length of 30.5 cm (12.0 in),^[9] although the boarfish (Capros aper), at 30 cm (12 in), is nearly as long.^[5] The smallest species is Antigonia kenyae with a maximum published standard length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in).^[9]

Distribution

Caproidae species are found in all the temperate and tropical regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.^[5]^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
^ ^a ^b ^c Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 507. ISBN 9781118342336.
^ Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Caproidae". FishBase. October 2023 version.
^ Christopher Scharpf (6 February 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 2): Families EPHIPPIDAE, LEIOGNATHIDAE, SCATOPHAGIDAE, ANTIGONIIDAE, SIGANIDAE, CAPROIDAE, LUVARIDAE, ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 506–508. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
^ ^a ^b Baciu, Dorin; Bannikov, A.; Tyler, James (2005). "Revision of the fossil fishes of the family Caproidae (Acanthomorpha)". Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca. 11: 7–74.
^ ^a ^b ^c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Antigoniidae". FishBase. October 2023 version.

[VDLEF-1] Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.

[Nelson2016-2] Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 507. ISBN 9781118342336.

[Deepfin-v4-3] Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.

[ECoF-4] Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

[Fishbase-5] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Caproidae". FishBase. October 2023 version.

[ETYFish-6] Christopher Scharpf (6 February 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 2): Families EPHIPPIDAE, LEIOGNATHIDAE, SCATOPHAGIDAE, ANTIGONIIDAE, SIGANIDAE, CAPROIDAE, LUVARIDAE, ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 23 February 2024.

[Nelson5-7] Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 506–508. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.

[Baciu-8] Baciu, Dorin; Bannikov, A.; Tyler, James (2005). "Revision of the fossil fishes of the family Caproidae (Acanthomorpha)". Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca. 11: 7–74.

[Fishbase2-9] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Antigoniidae". FishBase. October 2023 version.

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