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Crown Prince Sohyeon

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Crown Prince Sohyeon
소현세자
Crown Prince of Joseon
Reign27 January 1625 – 26 April 1645
PredecessorCrown Prince Yi Ji
SuccessorCrown Prince Yi Ho
Born(1612-02-05)February 5, 1612
Hanseong-bu, Joseon
DiedMay 21, 1645(1645-05-21) (aged 33)
Hwangyeong Hall, Changgyeonggung, Hanseong-bu, Joseon
Burial
Seogyeongwon, Seosamneung, Wondang-dong, Deogyang District, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province
ConsortCrown Princess Minhoe
Issue3 sons and 5 daughters
HouseHouse of Yi
FatherInjo of Joseon
MotherQueen Inryeol of the Cheongju Han clan
Crown Prince Sohyeon
Hangul
소현세자
Hanja
昭顯世子
Revised RomanizationSohyeon Seja
McCune–ReischauerSohyŏn Seja
Birth name
Hangul
이왕
Hanja
李𣳫
Revised RomanizationI Wang
McCune–ReischauerYi Wang

Crown Prince Sohyeon (Korean: 소현세자; Hanja: 昭顯世子, 5 February 1612 – 21 May 1645) was the first son of King Injo of Joseon Dynasty.[1]

Sohyeon was a hostage in the Manchu court at Shenyang, by the terms of the peace treaty concluded after War in 1636. He moved to Beijing in 1644, and communicated with the Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell there. Sohyeon died not long after his return to Korea in 1645.[2]

Biography

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Sohyeon was selected as the crown prince of the Joseon Dynasty in 1625 when his father King Injo took the throne through insurrection in 1623.

In 1627, he married a daughter of Gang Seok-gi (17th-generation descendant of General Kang Kamch'an). During the Second Manchu invasion of Korea in 1636, Sohyeon fled to the Namhan Mountain Fortress with his father King Injo. But when Ganghwa Island was captured by the Manchus, King Injo surrendered to Hong Taiji. Sohyeon voluntarily gave himself up to be a hostage together with his wife and several other Korean officials at Shenyang, the capital of the Qing Dynasty.

During his time as a hostage, Prince Sohyeon tirelessly worked as a mediator between Joseon Korea and Qing China. He put much effort into ensuring that Qing would not engage in hostilities against Korea. He protected his people, such as Kim Sang-heon (1570–1652), who was accused by the Manchus of being an anti-Qing agent. Prince Sohyeon also learned the Mongol language and assisted in the conquest of the Western frontier.

In 1644, Prince Sohyeon stayed 70 days in Beijing with Dorgon, who had set out to conquer the remnants of the Ming Dynasty. There Prince Sohyeon met Jesuit missionaries such as the German Johann Adam Schall von Bell, and through them he was introduced to Roman Catholicism and Western culture.

King Injo and his close administrators condemned Sohyeon's conduct as pro-Qing, and even though Prince Sohyeon returned to Korea in 1645, his father King Injo persecuted him for attempting to modernize Korea by bringing in Catholicism and Western science. Prince Sohyeon died suddenly not long after his return to Korea; he was found dead in the King's room, mysteriously bleeding severely from the head. Legends say that Injo killed his own son with an ink slab that the Crown Prince brought from China; however, some historians suggest he was poisoned by the fact that he had black spots all over his body after his death and that his body decomposed rapidly. Many, including his wife, tried to uncover what happened to the Crown Prince, but Injo ordered immediate burial and reduced the grandeur of the practice of Crown Prince's funeral. Prince Sohyeon's tomb is located in Goyang, Gyeonggi province. King Injo never visited his son's tomb.

King Injo appointed Grand Prince Bongrim as new Crown Prince (who later became King Hyojong) rather than Prince Sohyeon's oldest son, Prince Gyeongseon. Soon after, Injo ordered the exile of Prince Sohyeon's three sons to Jeju Island (from which only the youngest son, Prince Gyeongan, returned to the mainland alive), and the execution of Sohyeon's wife, Crown Princess Minhoe, for treason.

Family

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  1. Younger brother: Yi Ho, Grand Prince Bongrim (이호 봉림대군; 1619–1659)
  2. Younger brother: Yi Yo, Grand Prince Inpyeong (이요 인평대군; 10 December 1622 – 13 May 1658)
  3. Younger brother: Yi Gon, Grand Prince Yongseong (이곤 용성대군; 24 October 1624 – 22 December 1629)
  • Consort and their respective issue(s):
  1. Crown Princess Minhoe of the Geumcheon Gang clan (1611–1646)
    1. Unnamed Princess (1629–1631) – 1st Daughter
    2. Unnamed Princess (1631–1640) – 2nd Daughter
    3. Yi Seok-cheol, Prince Gyeongseon (1636–1648) – 1st Son
    4. Princess Gyeongsuk (1637–1655) – 3rd Daughter
    5. Yi Seok-rin, Prince Gyeongwan (1640–1648) – 2nd Son
    6. Princess Gyeongnyeong (1642–1682) – 4th Daughter
    7. Yi Seok-gyeon, Prince Gyeongan (1644–1665) – 3rd Son
    8. Princess Gyeongsun (1643–1654) – 5th Daughter
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Notes

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  1. ^ Yoo, Chai-Shin (2012). The New History Of Korean Civilization. iUniverse. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4620-5559-3.
  2. ^ Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. King Injo, 23rd year.
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