Four Hundred Souls
.png) First edition cover | |
| Editors | Ibram X. Kendi Keisha N. Blain |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | Bayo Iribhogbe (art) Michael Morris (design) |
| Language | English |
| Subject | African-American history |
| Publisher | One World |
Publication date | February 2, 2021 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover and paperback), e-book, audiobook |
| Pages | 528 |
| Award | Earphones Award for Best Audiobook (AudioFile) |
| ISBN | 978-0-593-13404-7 (First edition hardcover) |
| OCLC | 1184240347 |
| 973/.0496073 | |
| LC Class | E185 .F625 2021 |
Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019 is a 2021 anthology of essays, commentaries, personal reflections, short stories, and poetry, compiled and edited by Ibram X. Kendi and Keisha N. Blain. Conceived and created to commemorate the four hundred years that had passed since the arrival of the first Africans in Virginia, the book concerns African-American history and collects works written by ninety Black writers. A winner or finalist of multiple awards in its print and audiobook editions, Four Hundred Souls has been widely praised by reviewers for its prose and historical content.
Background
[edit]From 1841 to 2019, the vast majority of books telling a history of African America were written by individuals, also almost always male.[1] As the 400th anniversary of Black Africans' arrival in British North America approached, Ibram X. Kendi contemplated how to commemorate the "symbolic birthday of Black America" and the whole 400-year period. Kendi resolved to invert the trend by "bringing together a community of writers" and encouraging them to both write history and make history, creating an artifact capturing what Black Americans were thinking during that anniversary year.[2]
Kendi and Keisha N. Blain collaborated to compile and edit the book project, titled Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019, and together they invited ten poets and eighty writers from a diverse range of professions—including historians, anthropologists, journalists, novelists, economists, theologians, educators, and more—to contribute.[3] Reviewer Don Polite called the resulting contributor list a "who's who of African America" and "a remarkable cross section of the Black community".[4] Many contributors are "huge names", but Four Hundred Souls also features numerous "up-and-coming writers".[5] Most of the authors wrote their chapters in 2019.[2]
Blain remembered the process being a "moving experience". The COVID-19 pandemic began while Kendi and Blain were in the process of assembling the book; feeling that she was at work on something historically significant comforted Blain during a time of intense loss and loneliness.[6] The book is dedicated "to Black lives lost to COVID-19".[2]
While contrasting with past single-author histories of Black America,[1] Four Hundred Souls also emerges in a tradition of Black-written anthologies "of historical observations, poetry, scholarship, and vignettes" in the vein of Abraham Chapman's Black Voices: An Anthology of Afro-American Literature and Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.[7]
During a later stage of producing the book, Kendi and Blain decided that for the audiobook version, they wanted to "actualize what [Kendi] wrote about" in his introductory description of the book's "community of writers [being] like a choir". To evoke this effect, they chose to pursue a full-cast audiobook.[8] The cast features eighty-seven narrators, some of whom are contributors to the book who narrate their own chapters. Others feature only as narrators in the audiobook; this cast includes actress Danai Gurira, broadcast journalist Soledad O'Brien, and singer Phylicia Rashad, among many others.[9] In the interest of enabling each narrator to give a passionate performance, the producers did not assign chapters to narrators and instead allowed cast members to choose which contributions they were interested in narrating. Narration was recorded in December 2020 and January 2021. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, most narrators recorded at home studio setups.[8]
Summary
[edit]
Four Hundred Souls features essays, biographical sketches, short stories, and poems by ninety Black writers. It chronologically spans the 400-year length of African-American history, beginning in 1619 with the arrival of the first Africans in Virginia and ending in 2019.[10] The book is divided into ten sections, each of which examine a period of 40 years. Each section concludes with a poem.[3] There are eighty essays featured in the book, each of which chronicle a five-year period.[6] Kendi and Blain invited some contributors to write about specific topics, such as asking Barbara Smith to write about the Combahee River Collective. With other writers, they worked together to find subjects that were good fits. In every case, the choice was up to the contributor.[2] This "democratising approach" makes Four Hundred Souls a "people's history" told by and about African Americans themselves.[11]
Following an introduction by Ibram X. Kendi,[2] the anthology begins with an essay by Nikole Hannah-Jones, who developed The New York Times' 1619 Project. Chapter subjects include policy, political events, elements of culture, revised historical narratives, and biographies.[12] Some chapters offer fresh insight on well-known subjects, such as the essays on Phyllis Wheatley, Booker T. Washington, and Black Power; while others spotlight little-known history, such as the life of Black New Yorker James McCune Smith.[3][13] Each essay can function and be read individually,[4] but together they highlight the "entangled histories" of African America.[7] The book's final essay is written by Alicia Garza, who co-founded the Black Lives Matter movement.[3]
Thematic threads weave through the chronological chapters, such as the theme of white–Black sexual encounters or perceptions (threading "Whipped for Lying With a Black Woman", "Sally Hemings", "Lynching", and "Anita Hill").[13] Another theme is the dynamism of enslavement and racism, as chapters explore how white Americans shifted strategies in attempts to preserve power and how Black Americans perpetually "sought to define their freedom."[4] The resilience of the Black American community is another important theme in Four Hundred Souls.[3] The book portrays "the endurance and resilience of how Blacks resisted, revolted, organized, demanded, protested and rebelled", as reviewer George McCalman describes.[14] Four Hundred Souls also leverages its diverse pool of contributors to deconstruct the notion of a monolithic African America.[15] Advancing this theme, the book's "eighty different minds, reflecting eighty different perspectives" reveals a "community of difference" that brings together Black America without homogenizing the many individuals in the community.[1]
The anthology's overall voice is earnest and intimate.[7][14] A "human element" lies at the heart of Four Hundred Souls' success as a book.[4] The poetry, punctuating every forty-year section, contributes to humanizing and "elaborat[ing] on the historical narratives", enhancing the punch of academic information by giving it a personal edge.[12][7]
For the audiobook edition, each chapter is read by one of the cast's eighty-seven narrators.[8] The readings vary in tone across the book, ranging between "straightforward or theatrical as appropriate" to the chapter. Between chapters, multiple narrators read the transitions simultaneously, their voices overlapping in collective lines.[16] In the credits, each cast member speaks their own name.[8]
Publication
[edit]One World, an imprint of Random House, published Four Hundred Souls and released the book on February 2, 2021.[3] The book sold as a 528-page hardcover for $32 (~$36.00 in 2023) (USD) on release.[17] The cover, designed by Michael Morris, features artwork by Bayo Iribhogbe that according to editor Blain depicts the book's "spirit of community".[18] A paperback edition was released a year later, on February 1, 2022.[19]
Penguin Random House released the audiobook of Four Hundred Souls in February 2021, selling the trade edition for $22.50 and the library edition for $95.[20] The audiobook edition does not include the endnotes of the print version. Its runtime is fourteen hours and two minutes.[21]
Reception
[edit]Ahead of and upon its release, Four Hundred Souls met wide approval from readers and reviewers. The book debuted at number two on The New York Times nonfiction bestseller list for the week ending February 6, 2021.[22] In September 2021, GOBI Library Solutions ranked Four Hundred Souls second in a list of forty academic bestsellers for that year.[23] Washington Post editors and reviewers numbered it among the Post's "50 notable works of nonfiction" in 2021.[24] Four Hundred Souls was also an IndieBound Bestseller.[3]
Publishers Weekly described the book as an "energetic collection" that "stands apart from standard anthologies of African American history."[10] Writing for Booklist, Leslie Williams wrote that Four Hundred Souls "crackles with rage, beauty, bitter humor, and the indomitable will to survive."[12] In a starred review, Kirkus Reviews called it an "impeccable, epic, essential vision of American history as a whole and a testament to the resilience of Black people." Kirkus singled out the essays of Raquel Willis, Robert Jones Jr., Barbara Smith, and Esther Armah as the "standouts" in the book.[3] Binghamton University newspaper BingUNews called Four Hundred Souls "one of [Keisha N.] Blain's most significant professional accomplishments".[25] Seattle Book Reviews rated Four Hundred Souls five stars out of five.[17]
Numerous reviewers urged the public to read it and for libraries to stock it.[3][17] Library Journal declared Four Hundred Souls essential to include in libraries.[21] Reviewer Don Polite especially praised its essay format, suggesting the book is "almost tailor-made" to accompany undergraduate courses or inspire discussion in community spaces.[4]
In an otherwise glowing review of the book, Randal Maurice Jelks pointed out Four Hundred Souls' "sparse attention" to Black-created institutions such as churches, banks, businesses, cubs, temples, mosques, and more; only a few chapters in the book directly address Black institutions despite their importance in the African American experience.[7] Although the book includes endnotes, Library Journal suggests that readers seeking a traditionally "scholarly treatment of the history of racism in the United States" might be better served by a book like Kendi's Stamped from the Beginning.[21]
The magazine BookPage recognized Four Hundred Souls' audiobook edition with a starred review and praised the cast as a "heartfelt chorus of voices". BookPage's review noted the "layered, echoing voices" used in the audiobook's transitions and complimented the "haunting, emotional effect" achieved by such collective lines.[16] AudioFile magazine spotlighted J. D. Jackson, Kevin R. Free, January LaVoy, and Robin Miles for being especially "masterful" while adding that "at least two dozen more" narrators deserved the same praise.[20]
In 2021, AudioFile recognized Four Hundred Souls with its Earphones Award for Best Audiobook.[20] The American Library Association shortlisted Four Hundred Souls as a finalist for the 2022 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction.[26] Four Hundred Souls was also a 2022 finalist for the Multi-voiced Performance category of the Audie Awards administered by the Audio Publishers Association.[27]
Table of contents
[edit]Four Hundred Souls is comprised of four parts, each of which contains ten essays and ends with a poem.[3] The audiobook adds narrators.[9]
| Period | Writer | Narrator[a] | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction | Ibram X. Kendi | Ibram X. Kendi | "A Community of Souls" | |
| Part One | 1619–1624 | Nikole Hannah-Jones | Nikole Hanna-Jones | "Arrival" |
| 1624–1629 | Molefi Kete Asante | Zainab Jah | "Africa" | |
| 1629–1634 | Ijeoma Oluo | Soneela Nankani | "Whipped for Lying with a Black Woman" | |
| 1634–1639 | DaMaris B. Hill | Bahni Turpin | "Tobacco" | |
| 1639–1644 | Brenda E. Stevenson | Imani Parks | "Black Women's Labor" | |
| 1644–1649 | Maurice Carlos Ruffin | Adam Lazarre-White | "Anthony Johnson, Colony of Virginia" | |
| 1649–1654 | Heather Andrea Williams | James Monroe Iglehart | "The Black Family" | |
| 1654–1659 | Nakia D. Parker | Brianna Collette | "Unfree Labor" | |
| Poem | Jericho Brown | J. D. Jackson | "Upon Arrival" | |
| Part Two | 1659–1664 | Jennifer L. Morgan | Chanté McCormick | "Elizabeth Keye" |
| 1664–1669 | Jemar Tisby | Donte Bonner | "The Virginia Law on Baptism" | |
| 1669–1674 | David A. Love | Peter Francis James | "The Royal African Company" | |
| 1674–1679 | Heather C. McGhee | Heather C. McGhee | "Bacon's Rebellion" | |
| 1679–1684 | Kellie Carter Jackson | Kellie Carter Jackson | "The Virginia Law That Forbade Bearing Arms; or the Virginia Law That Forbade Armed Self-Defense" | |
| 1684–1689 | Laurence Ralph | Terrence Kidd | "The Code Noir" | |
| 1689–1694 | Christopher J. Lebron | Bill Quinn | "The Germantown Petition Against Slavery" | |
| 1694–1699 | Mary E. Hicks | Susan Heyward | "The Middle Passage" | |
| Poem | Phillip B. Williams | Bahni Turpin | "Mama, Where You Keep Your Gun?" | |
| Part Three | 1699–1704 | Brandon R. Byrd | Leslie Odom Jr. | "The Selling of Joseph" |
| 1704–1709 | Kai Wright | Kai Wright | "The Virginia Slave Codes" | |
| 1709–1714 | Herb Boyd | William DeMerrit | "The Revolt in New York" | |
| 1714–1719 | Sasha Turner | T. L. Thompson | "The Slave Market" | |
| 1719–1724 | Sylviane A. Diouf | Robin Miles | "Maroons and Marronage" | |
| 1724–1729 | Corey D. B. Walker | J. D. Jackson | "The Spirituals" | |
| 1729–1734 | Walter C. Rucker | Zenzi Williams | "African Identities" | |
| 1734–1739 | Brentin Mock | Torian Brackett | "From Fort Mose to Soul City" | |
| Poem | Morgan Parker | Morgan Parker | "Before Revolution" | |
| Part Four | 1739–1744 | Wesley Lowery | Sullivan Jones | "The Stono Rebellion" |
| 1744–1749 | Nafissa Thompson-Spires | Karen Chilton | "Lucy Terry Prince" | |
| 1749–1754 | Dorothy E. Roberts | Jamal Henderson | "Race and the Enlightenment" | |
| 1754–1759 | Kyle T. Mays | David Sadzin | "Blackness and Indigeneity" | |
| 1759–1764 | Tiya Miles | Kristen Ariza | "One Black Boy: The Great Lakes and the Midwest" | |
| 1764–1769 | Alexis Pauline Gumbs | Shayna Small | "Phillis Wheatley" | |
| 1769–1774 | William J. Barber II | Leonard Dozier | "David George" | |
| 1774–1779 | Martha S. Jones | Danai Gurira | "The American Revolution" | |
| Poem | Justin Phillip Reed | Andia Winslow | "Not Without Some Instances of Uncommon Cruelty" | |
| Part Five | 1779–1784 | Daina Ramey Berry | Dashawn Barnes | "Savannah, Georgia" |
| 1784–1789 | Donna Brazile | Dominic Hoffman | "The U.S. Constitution" | |
| 1789–1794 | Annette Gordon-Reed | January LaVoy | "Sally Hemings" | |
| 1794–1799 | Deirdre Cooper Owens | Tashi Thomas | "The Fugitive Slave Act" | |
| 1799–1804 | Craig Steven Wilder | Rhett Samuel Price | "Higher Education" | |
| 1804–1809 | Kiese Laymon | Kevin R. Free | "Cotton" | |
| 1809–1814 | Clint Smith | Keith David | "The Louisiana Rebellion" | |
| 1814–1819 | Raquel Willis | Ron Butler | "Queer Sexuality" | |
| Poem | Ishmael Reed | Adam Lazarre-White | "Remembering the Albany 3" | |
| Part Six | 1819–1824 | Robert Jones Jr. | Desmond Manny | "Denmark Vesey" |
| 1824–1829 | Pamela Newkirk | Anita Welch | "Freedom's Journal" | |
| 1829–1834 | Kathryn Sophia Belle | Marisha Tapera | "Maria Stewart" | |
| 1834–1839 | Eugene Scott | Damian Thompson | "The National Negro Conventions" | |
| 1839–1844 | Allyson Hobbs | Imani Jade Powers | "Racial Passing" | |
| 1844–1849 | Harriet A. Washington | Ethan Herisse | "James McCune Smith, M.D." | |
| 1849–1854 | Mitchell S. Jackson | Dion Graham | "Oregon" | |
| 1854–1859 | john a. powell | Leon Nixon | "Dred Scott" | |
| Poem | Donika Kelly | Tashi Thomas | "Compromise" | |
| Part Seven | 1859–1864 | Adam Serwer | James Fouhey | "Frederick Douglass" |
| 1864–1869 | Jamelle Bouie | Prentice Onayemi | "The Civil War" | |
| 1869–1874 | Michael Harriot | Mirron Willis | "Reconstruction" | |
| 1874–1879 | Tera W. Hunter | Samira Wiley | "Atlanta" | |
| 1879–1884 | William A. Darity Jr. | Sean Crisden | "John Wayne Niles" | |
| 1884–1889 | Kali Nicole Gross | Adenrele Ojo | "Philadelphia" | |
| 1889–1894 | Crystal N. Feimster | Heather Alicia Simms | "Lynching" | |
| 1894–1899 | Blair L. M. Kelley | Joniece Abbott-Pratt | "Plessy v. Ferguson" | |
| Poem | Mahogany L. Browne | Mahogany L. Browne | "John Wayne Niles ... .--. . .- -.- ... / - --- Ermias Joseph Asghedom" | |
| Part Eight | 1899–1904 | Derrick Alridge | Jerome Harmann-Hardeman | "Booker T. Washington" |
| 1904–1909 | Howard Bryant | Ryan Vincent Anderson | "Jack Johnson" | |
| 1909–1914 | Beverly Guy-Sheftall | Robin Eller | "The Black Public Intellectual" | |
| 1914–1919 | Isabel Wilkerson | Quincy Tyler Bernstine | "The Great Migration" | |
| 1919–1924 | Michelle Duster | Jade Wheeler | "Red Summer" | |
| 1924–1929 | Farah Jasmine Griffin | Karen Murray | "The Harlem Renaissance" | |
| 1929–1934 | Robin D. G. Kelley | Andre Blake | "The Great Depression" | |
| 1934–1939 | Bernice L. McFadden | Phylicia Rashad | "Zora Neale Hurston" | |
| Poem | Patricia Smith | Patricia Smith | "Coiled and Unleashed" | |
| Part Nine | 1939–1944 | Chad Williams | Amir Abdullah | "The Black Soldier" |
| 1944–1949 | Russell Rickford | Sheryl Mebane | "The Black Left" | |
| 1949–1954 | Sherrilyn Ifill | Sherrilyn Ifill | "The Road to Brown v. Board of Education" | |
| 1954–1959 | Imani Perry | Lisa Renee Pitts | "Black Arts" | |
| 1959–1964 | Charles E. Cobb Jr. | Genesis Oliver | "The Civil Rights Movement" | |
| 1964–1969 | Peniel Joseph | Dennis Logan | "Black Power" | |
| 1969–1974 | Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor | Tovah Ott | "Property" | |
| 1974–1979 | Barbara Smith | Ella Turenne | "Combahee River Collective" | |
| Poem | Chet'la Sebree | Robin Miles | "And the Record Repeats" | |
| Part Ten | 1979–1984 | James Forman Jr. | Jesus Martinez | "The War on Drugs" |
| 1984–1989 | Bakari Kitwana | Cary Hite | "The Hip-Hop Generation" | |
| 1989–1994 | Salamishah Tillet | Keylor Leigh | "Anita Hill" | |
| 1994–1999 | Angela Y. Davis | Angela Y. Davis | "The Crime Bill" | |
| 1999–2004 | Esther Armah | Joshua David Scarlett | "The Black Immigrant" | |
| 2004–2009 | Deborah Douglas | Soledad O'Brien | "Hurricane Katrina" | |
| 2009–2014 | Karine Jean-Pierre | Nicole Lewis | "The Shelby Ruling" | |
| 2014–2019 | Alicia Garza | Alicia Garza | "Black Lives Matter" | |
| Poem | Joshua Bennett | Joshua Bennett | "American Abecedarian" | |
| Conclusion | Keisha N. Blain | Keisha N. Blain | "Our Ancestors' Wildest Dreams" | |
See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Specifically for the audiobook edition.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Kendi, Ibram X. (2021). "A Community of Souls: An Introduction". In Kendi, Ibram X.; Blain, Keisha N. (eds.). Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019. New York: One World. pp. xiii–xvii. ISBN 978-0-593-13404-7.
- ^ a b c d e Dwyer, Dialynn (February 2, 2021). "Ibram X. Kendi's New Book Brings Together a 'Choir' of Writers to Tell the History of African America. Here's What He Wants You to Know". Boston.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019 edited by Ibram X. Kendi; Keisha N. Blain". Kirkus Reviews. February 1, 2021. Archived from the original on February 23, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Polite, Don (August 2022). "Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619-2019. Edited by Ibram X. Kendi and Keisha N. Blain". Journal of Southern History (review). 88 (3): 593–594. doi:10.1353/soh.2022.0156. S2CID 251047252.
- ^ Gifford, Matt (February 2021). "Six Books Reveal the Dreams of America's Black Forefathers and Foremothers and Inspire New Dreams for a More Just World". BookPage. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022.
- ^ a b Mosley, Tonya; McMahon, Serena (February 18, 2021). "In 'Four Hundred Souls,' 90 Writers Tell Their Stories of 4 Centuries of African America". WBUR.org. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Jelks, Randall Maurice (February 22, 2021). "All Souls Rising". Los Angeles Review of Books (review). Archived from the original on February 22, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Ibram X. Kendi, Keisha N. Blain, Sarah Jaffe, Amber Beard & Molly Lo Re: Behind the Scenes of the Year's Most Astounding Full-cast Audiobook". BookPage (interview). June 2021. Archived from the original on October 25, 2021.
- ^ a b Kai, Maiysha (January 25, 2021). "Four Hundred Souls: A Landmark Anthology Announces a Star-Studded Audiobook Cast". The Root. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022.
- ^ a b "Nonfiction Book Review: Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019 by Edited by Ibram X. Kendi and Keisha N. Blain. One World, $32 (512p) ISBN 978-0-593-13404-7". Publishers Weekly. December 14, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ Grant, Colin (April 11, 2021). "Four Hundred Souls, edited by Ibram X. Kendi and Keisha N. Blain Review – A Resounding History of African America". The Observer (review). Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021.
- ^ a b c Williams, Leslie (February 2021). "Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619-2019". Booklist (review). 117 (11): 15 – via Gale in Context: Biography.
- ^ a b Bancroft, Colette (February 18, 2021). "A Choir of Voices Recounts Black History in 'Four Hundred Souls'". Tampa Bay Times (review). Archived from the original on December 23, 2021.
- ^ a b McCalman, George (February 2, 2021). "Spanning 400 Years, 'Souls' Is a Communal Telling of Black Resilience". Datebook. San Francisco Chronicle (review). Archived from the original on January 28, 2022.
- ^ Reister, Stephanie (February 19, 2022). "Respecting Black History as US History". Library Notes. Salisbury Post. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022.
- ^ a b "Four Hundred Souls By Keisha N. Blain, narrated by Cast". BookPage (review). May 30, 2021. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021.
- ^ a b c Hamto, Maileen (April 2021). "Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019". Seattle Book Review (review). Archived from the original on December 1, 2021.
- ^ Blain, Keisha N. [@KeishaBlain] (September 14, 2020). "The stunning cover was designed by the talented graphic designer Michael Morris. It features the breathtaking artwork of Nigerian artist Bayo Iribhogbe. The cover beautifully captures the spirit of community that shapes this landmark collection" (Tweet). Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Kendi, Ibram X. [@DrIbram] (February 1, 2021). "On this first day of #BlackHistoryMonth, I'm happy to announce the paperback release Four Hundred Souls. Many thanks to @KeishaBlain and the 90 writers who contributed to this epic undertaking--a community writing the 400-year history of a community" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ a b c "Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019". AudioFile (review). February 2021. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021.
- ^ a b c Glaviano, Cliff (May 2021). "Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019". Library Journal (review). 146 (5): 40 – via Gale In Context: Biography.
- ^ "Combined Print & E-Book Nonfiction - Best Sellers - Books - Feb. 21, 2021". The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ "A Promised Land, Four Hundred Souls, What Racism Costs Everyone, and More in US History | Academic Best Sellers". Reviews+. Library Journal. September 15, 2021. Archived from the original on November 6, 2022.
- ^ "50 Notable Works of Nonfiction". The Washington Post. November 18, 2021. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021.
- ^ Coker, Rachel (May 6, 2022). "Keisha N. Blain Is Making History". BingUNews. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022.
- ^ "2022 Andrew Carnegie Medal Winners Announced". American Libraries. January 23, 2022. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022.
- ^ "2022 Audie Awards®". Audio Publishers Association. Archived from the original on October 29, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
External links
[edit]- Four Hundred Souls page on Ibram X. Kendi's website
- Four Hundred Souls page on Keisha N. Blain's website
- Discussion guide for educators or book clubs
