Großbetschkerek District
| Großbetschkerek District | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| district of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar | |||||||||
| 1850–1860 | |||||||||
 Districts of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar; Großbetschkerek District is shown in green | |||||||||
| Capital | Großbetschkerek (Serbian: Veliki Bečkerek) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1850 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1860 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Serbia, Romania, Hungary | ||||||||
Großbetschkerek District (Serbian: Okrug Veliki Bečkerek or Округ Велики Бечкерек; German: Großbetschkekerer Distrikt, Kreis Großbetschkerek from 1853 (contemporary Groß-Becskereker District, Kreis Gross-Becskerek);[1][2] Hungarian: Nagybecskereki körzet; Romanian: Districtul Becicherecul Mare) was one of five administrative districts (originally Districte, modern spelling Distrikte; Kreise, lit. 'circles', from 1853) of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar (a crown land within the Austrian Empire) from 1850 to 1860. Its administrative center was Großbetschkerek (Serbian: Veliki Bečkerek).
History
[edit]The crown land Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar was formed in 1849 and was initially divided into two districts: Batschka-Torontal and Temeschwar-Karasch. In 1850, crown land was divided into five districts and the territory of Batschka-Torontal District was divided among Neusatz District, Zombor District and Großbetschkerek District.
In German the original term used for these subdivisions was Districte[1] (modern spelling Distrikte). In 1851 they were divided into subdivisions called (politische) Bezirke,[1] usually translated as '(political) districts'.
In Bach's reforms from 1853 the Districte became Kreise,[3] a form of administrative division already in use across much of the non-Hungarian part of the Empire since the 18th century. The term Kreis, literally 'circle', is also often translated as 'district'. The subdivisions of the Kreise were also called Bezirke in German, or Amtsbezirke ('office districts', in reference to the Bezirksämter or 'district offices' which ran them) to distinguish them from other types of Bezirk. The change of name was not superficial – different political, administrative and judicial structures were used in each subdivision type. (See also Districts of Austria § Habsburg Monarchy and Austrian Empire.)
In 1860, the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar and its five districts were abolished and the territory of the Großbetschkerek District was administratively included into the Torontal County (part of the Austrian Kingdom of Hungary).
Geography
[edit]The Großbetschkerek District included north-western parts of Banat. It shared borders with the Zombor District and Neusatz District in the west, Temeschwar District in the east, Austrian Military Frontier in the south-west, and Austrian Kingdom of Hungary in the north.
Demographics
[edit]According to 1850 census, the population of the district numbered 388,704 residents, including:[4]
- Germans = 126,730 (32.6%)
- Serbs = 124,111 (31.93%)
- Hungarians = 60,781 (15.64%)
- Romanians = 58,292 (15%)
- Bulgarians = 11,045 (2.84%)
- Croats = 3,752 (0.97%)
- Slovaks = 2,562 (0.66%)
- Jews = 1,421 (0.37%)
Subdivisions
[edit]In 1851 Großbetschkerek District was subdivided into 6 political districts (politische Bezirke), which were structurally akin to the modern districts of Austria (names as defined, modern German in parentheses):[1]
- Sankt-Miklos (Groß Sankt Nikolaus)
- Hatzfeld
- Türkisch-Kanisá (Neu-Kanischa)
- Gross-Kikinda (Großkikinda)
- Moros (Modosch)
- Becskerek (Großbetschkerek)
The city of Großbetschkerek (Zrenjanin) was separate from the political districts; the Becskerek district covered the area around the city, which acted as its seat/capital[1] (i.e. it was a statutory city).
In 1854 Großbetschkerek District (now a Kreis) was subdivided into 8 'office districts' (Amtsbezirke) (names as defined, modern German in parentheses):[2]
- Gross-Becskerek (Großbetschkerek)
- Türkisch-(Neu-)Becse (Neu-Betsche)
- Modos (Modosch)
- Gross-Kikinda (Großkikinda)
- Türkisch-(Neu-)Kanischa (Neu-Kanischa)
- Gross-Sankt-Miklos (Groß Sankt Nikolaus)
- Hatzfeld
- Billet (Billed)
Cities and towns
[edit]Main cities and towns in the district were:
- Groß Sankt Nikolaus (Sânnicolau Mare)
- Großbetschkerek (Veliki Bečkerek)
- Großkikinda (Velika Kikinda)
- Hatzfeld (Jimbolia)
- Modosch (Modoš)
- Neu Betsche (Novi Bečej)
- Neu Kanischa (Turska Kanjiža)
- Pardan (Pardanj)
- Perjamosch (Periam)
- Tschene (Cenei)
- Tschoka (Čoka)
- Zichydorf (Zičidorf)
Most of the mentioned cities and towns are today in Serbia, while towns of Groß Sankt Nikolaus (Sânnicolau Mare), Perjamosch (Periam), Hatzfeld (Jimbolia) and Tschene (Cenei) are today in Romania.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Gesetz vom 17. August 1851, 192/1851: "Verordnung des Ministeriums des Innern, womit die durch Allerhöchste Entschließung sanctionirte Organisation der politischen Verwaltung der Woiwodschaft Serbien und des Temeser Banates kundgemacht wird". Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich (in German). 1851-08-17. Retrieved 2023-07-13 – via ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online.
- ^ a b Gesetz vom 1. Februar 1854, RGBl. 28/1854: "Verordnung der Minister des Inneren, der Justiz und der Finanzen vom 1. Februar 1854, betreffend die politische und gerichtliche Organisirung der serbischen Woiwodschaft und des Temeser Banates". Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich (in German). 1854-02-01. Retrieved 2023-07-04 – via ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online.
- ^ Gesetz vom 19. Jänner 1853, RGBl. 10/1853: "Verordnung der Minister des Inneren, der Justiz und der Finanzen vom 19. Jänner 1853, womit die Allerhöchsten Entschließungen über die Einrichtung und Amtswirksamkeit der Bezirksämter, Kreisbehörden und Statthaltereien, über die Einrichtung der Gerichtsstellen und das Schema der systemisirten Gehalte und Diätenclassen, sowie über die Ausführung der Organisirung für die Kronländer Oesterreich ob und unter der Enns, Böhmen, Mähren, Schlesien, Galizien und Lodomerien mit Krakau, Bukowina, Salzburg, Tirol mit Vorarlberg, Steiermark, Kärnthen, Krain, Görz, Gradiska und Istrien mit Triest, Dalmatien, Kroatien und Slawonien, Siebenbürgen, die serbische Wojwodschaft mit dem Banate, kundgemacht werden". ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online (in German). 1853-01-19. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
- ^ Dr Saša Kicošev - Dr Drago Njegovan, Razvoj etničke i verske strukture Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2010, page 19.
Further reading
[edit]- Dr Saša Kicošev - Dr Drago Njegovan, Razvoj etničke i verske strukture Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2010.
- Dr Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.
External links
[edit]- Map of the District
- Map of the District
- Map of the District Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
| 1849-1850 | |
|---|---|
| 1850-1860 | |
