Macaranga

Macaranga
	Macaranga peltata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:	Acalyphoideae
Tribe:	Acalypheae
Subtribe:	Macaranginae
Genus:	Macaranga; Thouars 1806
Type species
	Macaranga mauritiana; Bojer ex Baill.
Synonyms
	Adenoceras Rchb.f. & Zoll. ex Baill.; Mappa A.Juss; Mecostylis Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.; Pachystemon Blume; Panopia Noronha ex Thouars; Phocea Seem.; Tanarius Kuntze;

Macaranga is a large genus of Old World tropical trees of the family Euphorbiaceae and the only genus in the subtribe Macaranginae (tribe Acalypheae). Native to Africa, Australasia, Asia and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genus comprises over 300 different species.^[4]^[5] It was first described as a genus in 1806, based on specimens collected on the Island of Mauritius.^[1]^[3]

Macaranga is noted for being recolonizers. Macaranga species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. Macaranga species often form symbioses with ant (Formicidae) species (particularly Crematogaster ants of the subgenus Decacrema) because they have hollow stems that can serve as nesting space and occasionally provide nectar. The trees benefit because the ants attack herbivorous insects and either drive them away or feed on them.^[6]

Use

Macaranga gum, a crimson resin, is obtained from Macaranga indica.
Macaranga tanarius leaves are used by the Rungus indigenous people in Sabah, Malaysia to pack cooked rice into bundles to preserve it and impart a pleasant aroma.^[7]

Species

Plants of the World Online currently includes:^[8]

Macaranga acerifolia Airy Shaw
Macaranga advena Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga aenigmatica Whitmore
Macaranga aetheadenia Airy Shaw
Macaranga albescens L.M.Perry
Macaranga alchorneifolia Baker
Macaranga alchorneoides Pax & Lingelsh.
Macaranga aleuritoides F.Muell.
Macaranga allorobinsonii Whitmore
Macaranga alnifolia Baker
Macaranga amentifera Whitmore
Macaranga amissa Airy Shaw
Macaranga amplifolia Merr.
Macaranga anceps Airy Shaw
Macaranga andamanica Kurz
Macaranga angolensis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga angulata S.J.Davies
Macaranga angustifolia K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Macaranga ashtonii S.J.Davies
Macaranga assas Amougou
Macaranga astrolabica Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga attenuata J.W.Moore – Society Islands
Macaranga auctoris Whitmore
Macaranga baccaureifolia Airy Shaw
Macaranga bailloniana Müll.Arg.
Macaranga balabacensis Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga bancana (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga barkeriana Whitmore
Macaranga barteri Müll.Arg.
Macaranga beccariana Merr.
Macaranga beillei Prain
Macaranga belensis L.M.Perry
Macaranga bicolor Müll.Arg.
Macaranga bifoveata J.J.Sm.
Macaranga boutonioides Baill.
Macaranga brachythyrsa Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga brachytricha Airy Shaw
Macaranga brevipetiolata Airy Shaw
Macaranga brooksii Ridl.
Macaranga brunneofloccosa Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga bullata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga caesariata A.C.Sm.
Macaranga caladiifolia Becc.
Macaranga calcicola Airy Shaw
Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim
Macaranga carolinensis Volkens
Macaranga carrii L.M.Perry
Macaranga cassandrae Whitmore
Macaranga caudata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga caudatifolia Elmer
Macaranga celebica Koord.
Macaranga chlorolepis Airy Shaw
Macaranga choiseuliana Airy Shaw
Macaranga chrysotricha K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Macaranga cissifolia (Zoll. & Rchb.f.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga clavata Warb.
Macaranga clemensiae L.M.Perry
Macaranga coggygria Airy Shaw
Macaranga congestiflora Merr.
Macaranga conglomerata Brenan
Macaranga conifera (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga constricta Whitmore & Airy Shaw
Macaranga cordifolia (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga coriacea (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga corymbosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga costulata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga crassistipulosa Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga cucullata J.J.Sm.
Macaranga cuernosensis Elmer
Macaranga cumingii (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga cuneifolia (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga cupularis Müll.Arg.
Macaranga cuspidata Boivin ex Baill.
Macaranga dallachyana (Baill.) Airy Shaw
Macaranga darbyshirei Airy Shaw
Macaranga daviesii W.N.Takeuchi
Macaranga decaryana Leandri
Macaranga decipiens L.M.Perry
Macaranga densiflora Warb.
Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga depressa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga dibeleensis De Wild.
Macaranga didymocarpa Whitmore
Macaranga diepenhorstii (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga digyna (Wight) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga dioica (G.Forst.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga domatiosa Airy Shaw
Macaranga ducis Whitmore
Macaranga ebolowana Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga echinocarpa Baker
Macaranga eloba Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga endertii Whitmore
Macaranga esseriana W.N.Takeuchi
Macaranga eymae L.M.Perry
Macaranga faiketo Whitmore
Macaranga fallacina Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga ferruginea Baker
Macaranga fragrans L.M.Perry
Macaranga fulva Airy Shaw
Macaranga gabunica Prain
Macaranga galorei Whitmore
Macaranga gamblei Hook.f.
Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga gigantifolia Merr.
Macaranga glaberrima (Hassk.) Airy Shaw
Macaranga glabra (Juss.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga glandibracteolata S.J.Davies
Macaranga glandulifera L.M.Perry
Macaranga gracilis Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga graeffeana Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga grallata McPherson
Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr.
Macaranga grayana Müll.Arg.
Macaranga griffithiana Müll.Arg.
Macaranga hageniana Gilli
Macaranga hartleyana Whitmore
Macaranga harveyana (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga havilandii Airy Shaw
Macaranga hengkyana Whitmore
Macaranga henryi (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Rehder
Macaranga herculis Whitmore
Macaranga heterophylla (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga heudelotii Baill.
Macaranga hexandra (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga heynei I.M.Johnst.
Macaranga hispida (Blume) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga hoffmannii L.M.Perry
Macaranga hosei King ex Hook.f.
Macaranga huahineensis J.Florence
Macaranga hullettii King ex Hook.f.
Macaranga humbertii Leandri
Macaranga hurifolia Beille
Macaranga hypoleuca (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga hystrichogyne Airy Shaw
Macaranga inamoena F.Muell. ex Benth.
Macaranga indica Wight
Macaranga indistincta Whitmore
Macaranga induta L.M.Perry
Macaranga inermis Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga intonsa Whitmore
Macaranga involucrata Baill.
Macaranga javanica (Blume) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga johannium Whitmore
Macaranga kanehirae Hosok.
Macaranga kilimandscharica Pax
Macaranga kinabaluensis Airy Shaw
Macaranga kingii Hook.f.
Macaranga klaineana Pierre ex Prain
Macaranga kostermansii L.M.Perry
Macaranga kurzii (Kuntze) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga laciniata Whitmore & Airy Shaw
Macaranga lamellata Whitmore
Macaranga lanceolata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga letestui Pellegr.
Macaranga leytensis Merr.
Macaranga lineata Airy Shaw
Macaranga loheri Elmer
Macaranga longicaudata L.M.Perry
Macaranga longipetiolata De Wild.
Macaranga longistipulata (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga lophostigma Chiov.
Macaranga louisiadum Airy Shaw
Macaranga lowii King ex Hook.f.
Macaranga lugubris Whitmore
Macaranga lumiensis Whitmore
Macaranga lutescens (Pax & Lingelsh.) Pax
Macaranga macropoda Baker
Macaranga magna Turrill
Macaranga magnifolia L.M.Perry
Macaranga magnistipulosa Pax
Macaranga mappa (L.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga marikoensis A.C.Sm.
Macaranga mauritiana Bojer ex Baill.
Macaranga megacarpa Airy Shaw
Macaranga meiophylla S.Moore
Macaranga melanosticta Airy Shaw
Macaranga mellifera Prain
Macaranga membranacea Müll.Arg.
Macaranga minahassae Whitmore
Macaranga misimae Airy Shaw
Macaranga mista S.Moore
Macaranga modesta Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga monandra Müll.Arg.
Macaranga monostyla Whistler
Macaranga montana Merr.
Macaranga motleyana (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga myriantha Müll.Arg.
Macaranga myriolepida Baker
Macaranga necopina Whitmore
Macaranga neobritannica Airy Shaw
Macaranga neodenticulata Whitmore
Macaranga nicobarica N.P.Balakr. & Chakr.
Macaranga noblei Elmer
Macaranga novoguineensis J.J.Sm.
Macaranga nusatenggarensis Whitmore
Macaranga oblongifolia Baill.
Macaranga obovata Boivin ex Baill.
Macaranga occidentalis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga ovatifolia Merr.
Macaranga pachyphylla Müll.Arg.
Macaranga palustris Whitmore
Macaranga papuana (J.J.Sm.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga parabicolor Whitmore
Macaranga parvibracteata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga paxii Prain
Macaranga pearsonii Merr.
Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga pentaloba S.J.Davies
Macaranga pepysiana Whitmore
Macaranga petanostyla Airy Shaw
Macaranga pierreana Prain
Macaranga pilosula Airy Shaw
Macaranga platyclada Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga pleioneura Airy Shaw
Macaranga pleiostemon Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga pleytei L.M.Perry
Macaranga poggei Pax
Macaranga polyadenia Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga polyneura Gilli
Macaranga praestans Airy Shaw
Macaranga pruinosa (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga puberula Heine
Macaranga punctata K.Schum.
Macaranga puncticulata Gage
Macaranga quadriglandulosa Warb.
Macaranga racemohispida Whitmore
Macaranga racemosa Baker
Macaranga raivavaeensis H.St.John
Macaranga ramiflora Elmer
Macaranga rarispina Whitmore
Macaranga recurvata Gage
Macaranga reiteriana Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga repandodentata Airy Shaw
Macaranga rhizinoides (Blume) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga rhodonema Airy Shaw
Macaranga ribesioides Baker
Macaranga robinsonii Merr.
Macaranga rorokae Whitmore
Macaranga rostrata Heine
Macaranga rufescens S.J.Davies
Macaranga rufibarbis Warb.
Macaranga saccifera Pax
Macaranga salicifolia Airy Shaw
Macaranga salomonensis L.M.Perry
Macaranga sampsonii Hance
Macaranga sandsii Whitmore
Macaranga sarcocarpa Airy Shaw
Macaranga schweinfurthii Pax
Macaranga secunda Müll.Arg.
Macaranga seemannii (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga serratifolia Whitmore
Macaranga setosa Gage
Macaranga siamensis S.J.Davies
Macaranga similis Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga sinensis (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga spathicalyx Whitmore & S.J.Davies
Macaranga sphaerophylla Baker
Macaranga spinosa Müll.Arg.
Macaranga staudtii Pax
Macaranga stellimontium Whitmore
Macaranga stenophylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga sterrophylla L.M.Perry
Macaranga stipulosa Müll.Arg.
Macaranga stonei Whitmore
Macaranga strigosa Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga strigosissima Airy Shaw
Macaranga subdentata Benth.
Macaranga subpeltata K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Macaranga suleensis Whitmore
Macaranga sumatrana Müll.Arg.
Macaranga suwo Whitmore
Macaranga sylvatica Elmer
Macaranga taitensis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga tchibangensis Pellegr.
Macaranga tentaculata Airy Shaw
Macaranga tessellata Gage
Macaranga teysmannii (Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga thomasii Whitmore
Macaranga thompsonii Merr.
Macaranga thorelii Gagnep.
Macaranga trachyphylla Airy Shaw
Macaranga trichanthera L.M.Perry
Macaranga trichocarpa (Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga triloba (Thunb.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga truncata J.Florence
Macaranga tsonane Whitmore
Macaranga umbrosa S.J.Davies
Macaranga uxoris Whitmore
Macaranga vanderystii De Wild.
Macaranga vedeliana (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga velutina (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga velutiniflora S.J.Davies
Macaranga venosa J.W.Moore
Macaranga vermoesenii De Wild.
Macaranga versteeghii L.M.Perry
Macaranga vieillardii (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
Macaranga villosula Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga vitiensis Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga warburgiana Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga waturandangii Whitmore
Macaranga whitmorei Airy Shaw
Macaranga winkleri Pax & K.Hoffm.
Macaranga winkleriella Whitmore
Macaranga yakasii Airy Shaw

References

^ ^a ^b Du Petit-Thouars (1806). Genera nova madagascariensia secundum methodum jussiaeanam disposita. Paris. 29pp
^ neotype, mistakenly called lectotype, designated by M. J. E. Coode, Taxon 25: 184 (1976). Cannot be lectotype because not described until 1859
^ ^a ^b Tropicos, genus Macaranga
^ ^a ^b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^ Federle, W.; Maschwitz, U.; Fiala, B. (1998). "The two-partner ant-plant system of Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. 1 and Macaranga puncticulata (Euphorbiaceae): Natural history of the exceptional ant partner". Insectes Sociaux. 45 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s000400050064. S2CID 26704950.
^ https://www.facebook.com/pg/geraioa/photos/?tab=album&album_id=10157033718332367 ^{[user-generated source]}
^ Plants of the World Online: Macaranga Thouars (retrieved 13 June 2020)

[i-1] Du Petit-Thouars (1806). Genera nova madagascariensia secundum methodum jussiaeanam disposita. Paris. 29pp

[2] type, mistakenly called lectotype, designated by M. J. E. Coode, Taxon 25: 184 (1976). Cannot be lectotype because not described until 1859

[j-3] Tropicos, genus Macaranga

[m-4] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[5] Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[6] Federle, W.; Maschwitz, U.; Fiala, B. (1998). "The two-partner ant-plant system of Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. 1 and Macaranga puncticulata (Euphorbiaceae): Natural history of the exceptional ant partner". Insectes Sociaux. 45 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s000400050064. S2CID 26704950.

[7] ttps://www.facebook.com/pg/geraioa/photos/?tab=album&album_id=10157033718332367 ^{[user-generated source]}

[POWO-8] Plants of the World Online: Macaranga Thouars (retrieved 13 June 2020)

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