KEGG   PATHWAY: chx04932
Entry
chx04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Capra hircus (goat)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
chx04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
chx04932

Organism
Capra hircus (goat) [GN:chx]
Gene
100860785  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
102179824  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
102187711  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
100861232  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102190310  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
102175660  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102174096  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
108634241  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
102168996  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102184858  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
108637286  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
102185042  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102168391  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102177551  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102179343  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102170135  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102188710  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100860904  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102174051  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102187521  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102178478  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102176363  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100860906  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha [KO:K08536]
108634606  retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha [KO:K08524]
108635517  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07197]
100860908  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [KO:K07197]
102179406  MLXIP; MLX-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
100861042  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
102179624  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
102187548  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR isoform X2 [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
100860794  LEP; leptin [KO:K05424]
102180987  LEPR; leptin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05062]
102173125  ADIPOQ; adiponectin precursor [KO:K07296]
100861392  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
102173644  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 [KO:K07297]
102171295  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102181338  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102169928  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
102181705  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
100861301  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
102179737  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
102180727  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
102180926  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100860996  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102189174  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102184510  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100861393  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
100861309  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [KO:K08530]
102188638  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
102173438  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
102173267  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102182774  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102170408  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100861087  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102191813  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
102173038  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102184255  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102172156  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102171520  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
102185423  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
100861289  IL1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
100860816  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102177406  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102184460  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
102177713  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
102182294  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
102178753  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
102178438  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
102191364  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein precursor [KO:K13375]
102185575  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100861133  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102185072  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102175557  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
102171716  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
100846984  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X3 [KO:K02159]
102180451  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390]
102169919  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102176106  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
106501717  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
102173997  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102177031  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100861343  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
102184322  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102176841  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102183643  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03944]
102177419  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102177332  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102172091  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
102179638  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
100861284  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102187560  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
102171224  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
102176032  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
102168736  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
102179361  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
102181922  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
102170842  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
102181026  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
102187118  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
102189802  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
102174090  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102168216  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
102177927  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102189432  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
102182696  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
102171860  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
100861349  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
102188420  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
102168407  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
102188663  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
100861376  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102190747  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102188065  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102170635  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102170016  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102181207  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939]
100860782  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102185248  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102186141  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102182202  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102183107  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102183195  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102189176  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
100860881  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
102172289  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
1485868  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
102169976  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
102188264  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
100861263  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
102176290  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
102183616  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
102171149  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
102187154  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
108635646  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
102168533  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
1485862  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
1485858  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
1485859  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
102179296  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
102188434  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102191741  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
102179291  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
102172376  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102181181  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102184937  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
102179036  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
102173770  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
108635087  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102187496  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102188675  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102175610  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102186286  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102184512  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102170877  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102173562  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
108633170  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102188021  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
chx00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
chx00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
chx03320  PPAR signaling pathway
chx04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
chx04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
chx04210  Apoptosis
chx04668  TNF signaling pathway
chx04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
chx04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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