Gaula (raga)

Gaula
Arohanam	S R₁ M₁ P N₃ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₃ P M₁ R₁ G₃ M₁ R₁ S

Gaula or Gowla (pronounced gauḷa) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 15th melakarta scale Mayamalavagowla. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending and descending scale.

Gaula is an ancient rāgam mentioned in Sangita Ratnakara, Sangita Makarandha and Sangita samayasara.^[1]^[2] It is an auspicious rāgam, which is mostly sung in the early part of the concert.^[1] It is a popular rāgam and also a ghana rāgam.^[2]

Structure and Lakshana

Gaula is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain dhaivatam in the scale and does not contain gandharam in the ascending scale. It is an audava-vakra-shadava rāgam (or owdava, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).^[1]^[2] Vakra-shadava means that the descending scale has 6 notes with inclusion of zig-zag movements (vakra). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

ārohaṇa : S R₁ M₁ P N₃ Ṡ^[a]
avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₃ P M₁ R₁ G₃ M₁ R₁ S^[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, ekasruti rishabham (also known as Gaula rishabham^[1]), shuddha madhyamam, panchamam and kakali nishadham in ascending scale, with antara gandharam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

Popular compositions

There are many compositions set to Gaula rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in this rāgam.

The second Pancharatna Kriti, Duduku gala, composed by Tyagaraja, the second of the 5 gems
Sri Mahaganapatir avatumam and Tyagaraja palayasumam by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Kaama Janaka by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal
Pranamamyaham by Mysore Vasudevachar

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Santhana Kudamondru	Navagraha Nayagi	M. S. Viswanathan	Rajkumar Bharathi, Vani Jairam
Vedham Nee	Koyil Puraa	Ilaiyaraaja	K.J. Yesudas
Mazhai Varum	Chinna Captain	Murugan	K.J. Yesudas

Notes

^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ M P N Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ F G B C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ N P M Ṟ G M Ṟ S
- Western: C B G F D♭ E F D♭ C

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
^ ^a ^b ^c Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[3] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ M P N Ṡ
Western: C D♭ F G B C

[2] Hindustani: S Ṟ M P N Ṡ

[3] Western: C D♭ F G B C

[4] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ N P M Ṟ G M Ṟ S
Western: C B G F D♭ E F D♭ C

[5] Hindustani: Ṡ N P M Ṟ G M Ṟ S

[6] Western: C B G F D♭ E F D♭ C

[ragas-1] Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

[raganidhi-2] Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[1]

[2]

[a]

[b]

v t e Janya ragas
A-B	Abheri Abhogi Ahiri Amritavarshini Amritha Kalyani Anandabhairavi Andolika Arabhi Asaveri Atana Bageshri Bahudari Bhairavi Bhimsen Bhupalam Bilahari Bowli
D-J	Darbar Darbari Kanada Devagandhari Dhanyasi Gambhiranata Garudadhvani Gaula Hamsadhvani Hamsanadam Hamsanandi Hindolam Jana Ranjani Jaunpuri
K-L	Kalavati Kalyanavasantam Kambhoji Kāpi Karnataka Shuddha Saveri Kathanakuthuhalam Kedaragaula Kedaram Khamas Lalitha Lavangi
M	Mahati Madhuvanti Madhyamavati Malahari Malayamarutam Mohanakalyani Mohanam Mukhari
N-R	Nada Kalyani Nagasvaravali Nata Nattakurinji Navarasa kannada Niroshta Pharaju Poornachandrika Punnagavarali Ranjani Reethigowla Revagupti Revati
S	Sahana Salaga Bhairavi Saramati Saveri Shivaranjani Sri Tyagaraja Shree ragam Shree ranjani Shuddha Saveri Sindhu Bhairavi Sunadavinodini Surutti
T-V	Thyagaraja Mangalam Tilang Udayaravichandrika (Shuddha Dhanyasi) Valaji Varali Vasantha Yadukulakamboji Yamunakalyani
Carnatic music Swaras Melakarta ragas Asampurna Melakarta ragas List of Janya ragas