General Glover House
| General Glover House | |
|---|---|
 | |
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| General information | |
| Location | Swampscott, Massachusetts |
| Address | 299 Salem Street |
| Coordinates | 42°29′04″N 70°53′54″W / 42.48436°N 70.89831°W |
| Year(s) built | 1700s |
| Designations | Eligible National Historic Landmark |
The General Glover House, also known as the Glover Farmhouse, is a 1700s colonial house, and the final home to Revolutionary War hero General John Glover, located on the Marblehead - Swampscott - Salem border.[1] The house sits on the historic 2.4 acre property, formerly known as the Glover Farm, that also contains a collection of other historic buildings representing different eras of the farms history. This is includes an old barn, inn building, and former store.
History
[edit]
The main colonial farm house was originally built in 1700s prior to the American Revolution in what was then Salem, MA.
The house was owned by William Browne of Salem. From a prominent Salem family, he was a graduate of Harvard College and friend and classmate of John Adams.[2] He was a colonel of the Essex County militia in Salem, and was appointed as collector of the port of Salem.[3]
William Browne accepted an appointment by General Gage as judge of the superior colonial court. Browne was a British Loyalist, and because of his connection to Gage, he was listed on the Banishment Act of 1778 and was forbidden to return to Massachusetts.[1][4] This would lead to all his property, including the house and farmland being confiscated by the colonial Massachusetts government in 1780.[5] Browne would flee to England, and would go on to be appointed the Royal Governor of Bermuda by Lord North.[6]
In February 1781, General John Glover purchased the house from the Massachusetts state government.[7] Glover was an American military hero. He helped create what would eventually become the U.S. Navy.[8] He was most famous for leading the regiment that rowed Washington's troops across the Delaware, came to the rescue in the Battle of Long Island, and leading one of the first integrated regiments in the American Revolution.[9]
John Glover paid 1369 pounds for the house and 180 acres of land to the state government.[10] As recorded in Registry of Deeds:
Resolve on Petition of John Glover, Bridagadier General in the American Army: "Resolve that the committee for selling the estate of absentees in the County of Essex be, and they hereby are authorized and directed to appoint five sufficient freeholders in said Country, who are to be under oath, to appraise that part of William Brown(e), Esqrs., estate lately occupied by Thomas Vining and others, lying in Salem and Marblehead, in said Country, and said Committee are authorized and directed to give a deed to John Glover at said appeasement of said farm in behalf of this Commonwealth, and to take in pay notes given him by this State for his wages etc., which shall become payable in March next, at the real value, and the balance if any to be paid, in current money." (February 17, 1781) [11]
John Glover moved to his farmhouse in 1782 after retiring from his military service, moving both his family and business to the house.[12] While living in the house, he stayed active in politics, and was elected as a delegate to the Massachusetts ratifying convention for the U.S. Constitution, served as town selectman, and was in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.[12]
Glover would welcome the Marquis de Lafayette who came to Marblehead in 1784. He would also lead the official welcome of President George Washington in 1789, who made a special detour and came to see his old army friend and thank those who served during the war.[13][14]
John Glover would continue to live at the farm, and operate his business from the house. William Bentley would frequently join land survey surveys around Salem, and mentioned speaking with Glover about his proposal to build a canal via Forest River that would link his farm to the sea.[15] This would permit his vessels to unload goods in Salem and bring them up in smaller boats to his store at the farm. However this was never realized.[1] John Glover would live here the remainder of his life, until his death in January 1797.[1]
After his death, the farm property was eventually sold by the Glover family the mid 1800s. The land that the house sat on would be transferred from Salem to the town of Swampscott in 1867.[16]
In the 20th century, the house eventually became the General Glover Inn, owned by shoe manufacturer A.E. Little and his wife Lillian Little from Lynn, MA.[17][18] Little was the founders of A.E. Little & Co. Shoes, maker of the famous Sorosis shoes.[19] They restored the historic house, uncovering many of the original colonial elements. They themselves would live in the transformed the former barn that sits behind the Glover Farmhouse. The Inn would be part of the larger Sunbeam farm, and lasted until the 1950s.
In 1957 the house opened as the General Glover House Restaurant by Anthony Athanas[20] Various additions were added on to the main house, with the multiple dining rooms and bars themed to a colonial inn. The restaurant closed in the 1990s, and remains vacant until this day.
Threat of demolition
[edit]In 2020 the property was deemed "blighted" and the Athanas family was given a deadline to address the safety concerns of the abandoned property.[21][22]
In 2022 a 140-unit condominium was proposed by Leggatt McCall Properties to be built on the land spanning Swampscott and Marblehead.[23] The proposed site plans do not currently reflect saving the original historic 1700s farmhouse of revolutionary war veteran General Glover, or any of the other historic buildings on site.[24]
The historical commissions of Swampscott and Marblehead, along with other organizations including Glover's Marblehead Regiment, are working together to help save the historic military heroes home from demolition.[25] A joint preservation effort of "Save the Glover" was initiated to help raise awareness to save and preserve the historic Glover House.[26][27]
As of 2024, the historic 1700s Glover Farmhouse, along with many of the other historic buildings remain intact on the property at 299 Salem Street but are scheduled to be demolished within the year by the developer.[28]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Billias, George (1960). General John Glover and his Marblehead Mariners. Henry Holt and Company.
- ^ Adams, John. The Works of John Adams Vol. 10. Jazzybee Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8496-9308-4.
- ^ Boucher, Ronald L. (1973). "The Colonial Militia As a Social Institution: Salem, Massachusetts 1764-1775". Military Affairs. 37 (4): 125–130. doi:10.2307/1983774. ISSN 0026-3931. JSTOR 1983774.
- ^ Adams, John. The Works of John Adams Vol. 10. Jazzybee Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8496-9308-4.
- ^ "Marblehead History".
- ^ travis.smith-simons (2016-03-03). "Previous Governors of Bermuda". www.gov.bm.
- ^ "Marblehead Magazine Timeline".
- ^ Dodwell Jr., Vincent. "The Birth Of The American Navy". U.S. Naval Institute.
- ^ Landrigan, Leslie (2013-12-25). "The Red, Black and White Men of Glover's Regiment Take Washington Across the Delaware". New England Historical Society.
- ^ National Register of Historic Places Inventory, Reference 72001101
- ^ Registry of Deeds, Salem, Book 138, Page 17. 1779 Act of the General Court of Mass.
- ^ a b "John Glover: Sailor, Soldier, Patriot (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
- ^ "Founders Online: From George Washington to the Citizens of Marblehead, 2 Novemb …". founders.archives.gov.
- ^ "John Glover". American Battlefield Trust.
- ^ "The diary of William Bentley, D.D., pastor of the East church, Salem, Massachusetts ..." Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
- ^ "History of Swampscott | Swampscott, MA". www.swampscottma.gov.
- ^ "Glover Farm".
- ^ "General Glover Farm and Outbuildings".
- ^ "A.E. Little & Co. | Dinner shoes | American". The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ "General Glover House Restaurant".
- ^ "General Glover House property deemed 'blighted'". Wicked Local. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
- ^ Dowd, William J. "Swampscott selectmen question safety of Glover House property". Wicked Local. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
- ^ Olson, Kris (2022-08-10). "140 housing units proposed for former Gen. Glover House property". Marblehead News. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
- ^ Dowd, William J. (2023-06-07). "Demo delay pauses Glover property development - Marblehead Current". marbleheadcurrent.org.
- ^ Pierce, Ben (2023-09-13). "Towns unite in attempt to preserve Glover Farmhouse". Marblehead Weekly News.
- ^ Pierce, Benjamin (2023-11-17). "Patriots urge Swampscott to help save Glover Farmhouse". Itemlive.
- ^ Borghi, Brianna (2023-11-28). "Group hopes to save 250-year-old farmhouse with link to Revolutionary War general". WCVB.
- ^ Writer, Dustin Luca Staff (2024-02-12). "Advocates seek help in race to save Glover House". Salem News.
