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HMAS Karangi

Coordinates: 33°50′11″S 151°04′50″E / 33.8363379°S 151.0804902°E / -33.8363379; 151.0804902 (Wreck of HMAS Karangi)
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HMAS Karangi
History
Australia
NameKarangi
NamesakeKarangi, New South Wales
Laid down5 February 1941
Launched16 August 1941
Commissioned22 December 1941
Fatepartially scrapped, abandoned at Homebush Bay
General characteristics
Class and typeBar-class
Tonnage768 tons
Length173.9 ft (53 m)
Beam32.3 ft (10 m)
Depth11.3 ft (3 m)
Armament

HMAS Karangi was a Kangaroo-class boom defence vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. The third of three ships constructed by the Cockatoo Docks and Engineering Company at Cockatoo Island Dockyard based on the British Bar-class, Karangi was launched on 16 August 1941. After the war, the ship remained in active service with the RAN and played a small but key role in the British nuclear testing program. She was placed in reserve in 1953. In 1955, Karangi was reactivated and served for another two years until May 1957 and was eventually sold for scrap in 1966.

Operational history

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World War II

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After commissioning, Karangi sailed from Sydney on 26 December 1941 for Darwin via Townsville. On arrival in Darwin, the ship was employed in working anti-submarine boom gates, allowing allied shipping to pass in and out of the harbour during daylight hours.[1] On 19 February 1942, the ship was present during the Bombing of Darwin, returning fire on Japanese aircraft while escaping damage.[1][2] For her role in the defence of Darwin, Karangi was awarded the battle honour "Darwin 1942–43".[3][4] The ship remained assigned to boom maintenance duties in Darwin until 1944, before sailing for Fremantle where she remained until the end of the war.[5]

Post-war

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After the decommissioned Royal Netherlands Navy submarine HNLMS K XI sank in Fremantle Harbour, Karangi was used to raise the hulk as part of the salvage operation in early 1946.[6] In 1947, the ship was tasked to search for a decommissioned naval mine that had not sunk when dumped at sea and was adrift near Rottnest Island. Initially the mine was located by Karangi and her crew unsuccessfully attempted to sink it with rifle fire. Contact was lost in darkness, with the ship continuing to search for the next three days, but unable to locate the mine a second time.[7]

During 1950, Karangi called on a number of Western Australian ports, embarking local Navy reserve volunteers for training cruises. For many veterans of World War II, this was the first time they had been back on an active navy ship since their war service.[8] From 9 - 27 November of that year, Karangi embarked party of four British scientists and military officers at Onslow to conduct a detailed survey of the Montebello Islands. Identified as a potential site for future nuclear weapons testing, the operation was conducted under conditions of secrecy.[9][10]

In February 1951, she was dispatched to assist the amphibious landing ship HMAS Labuan, which had broken down at sea while returning from the Antarctic carrying a scientific expedition. Karangi towed Labaun, which was running low on fresh water back to Fremantle for repairs.[11] On 7 January 1952, while alongside at Fremantle's North Wharf, a feedwater heater tank exploded in Karangi's engine room, injuring six sailors. One of those injured had been standing above decks and was struck by shrapnel receiving lacerations to his face when a skylight over the engine room shattered and was taken to the Repatriation General Hospital.[6][12]

Operation Hurricane

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In December 1951, the United Kingdom selected the Montebello Islands as the site of its first nuclear test, designated "Operation Hurricane", to take place before the end of 1952. In preparation for the arrival of the British task force, Karangi and sister ship HMAS Koala laid moorings and marker buoys in the islands. In April, Karangi again sailed to Onslow, accompanied by the corvette HMAS Mildura, where the two ships supported No. 5 Airfield Construction Squadron RAAF and a detachment of Royal Engineers to construct infrastructure needed for the tests.[13][14] The Officer in Charge of naval operations in Western Australia recommended to the naval board that Karangi's efforts laying moorings in record time during July, without the support of a dockyard were worthy of commendation. The ship remained in the area until August, when she sailed for Sydney for refit.[15] Karangi was not present when an atomic bomb was detonated on 3 October.

Return to service and Operation Mosaic

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Now under the command of Lieutenant Commander Richard Taudevin, Karangi sailed to Williamstown Dockyard in March of 1953 following her refit. She remained there until mid-May due to issues with her engines, before arriving in Fremantle in June.[15] In November, the ship again visited the Montebello Islands to recover equipment in proximity to Trimouille Island and the remains of HMS Plym. During this voyage Karangi's crew were fed fish from the caught in waters around the test site and were permitted to venture ashore for recreation.[16][15] On her return to Fremantle, a contaminated Land Rover which had been taken ashore on Tremouille Island was offloaded and driven on public roads to HMAS Leeuwin.[15][17]

Karangi continued to operate in Western Australian waters and around the Montebellos until September 1954, supporting WAPET's oil exploration activities on Barrow Island, still within the exclusion zone.[18] The ship was then paid off into reserve, but was reactivated in April 1955. Following the announcement of further nuclear tests in Montebellos, Karangi sailed with HMAS Warrego in October 1955. Once again, during October and November the ship laid moorings and conducted surveys in preparation for the tests, designated Operation Mosaic.[9] As part of Task Group 308.2, Karangi remained in the Montebellos and was present near the naval base camp at Onslow, approx 140 km (87 mi) away, at the time of the second Mosaic detonation.[19]

Decommissioning and fate

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The overgrown hulk of Karangi in Homebush Bay in 2010

On 31 May 1957, Karangi was again paid off to reserve. She remained moored at Athol Bight in Sydney Harbour in an unmaintained state until being identified for disposal in 1964. She was sold on 8 September 1966 to L. Bookluck of Enmore and the superstructure was removed before the hulk was abandoned at Homebush Bay in 1970.[20]

The hulk remains at 33°50′11″S 151°04′50″E / 33.8363379°S 151.0804902°E / -33.8363379; 151.0804902 (Wreck of HMAS Karangi). Formerly surrounded by industrial uses, redevelopment of the area, including the adjacent Sydney Olympic Park has seen renewed interest in the remains of Karangi and other vessels in the bay as a minor tourist attraction and popular location for photography.[21][22]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b "A day Harry Dale will never forget". Anzac Portal. Department of Veterans' Affairs. 8 January 2002. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  2. ^ "HMAS Karangi". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  4. ^ "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  5. ^ Pat Forster. "Fixed Naval Defences in Darwin Harbour 1939-1945". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  6. ^ a b Trevor Weavor; Vic Jeffrey (September 1990). "Boom Defence Vessels". Naval Historical Society of Australia. Naval Historical Review. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  7. ^ "MISSING MINE MAY BE NORTH OF SCARBOROUGH: FUTILE SEARCH". The Sunday Times. Perth, WA. 21 September 1947. p. 14. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ "R.A.N.R. MEN OUT ON WEEK-END CRUISE". The Sunday Times. Perth, WA. 19 March 1950. p. 5. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ a b Petar Djokovic. "Semaphore: Operations HURRICANE and MOSAIC". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  10. ^ "TWO YEARS PLANNING FOR MONTE BELLO ATOMIC WEAPONS TEST". The Canberra Times. Canberra, ACT. 20 August 1952. p. 5. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Salt Water In Fuel Caused Labaun's Engines To Stop". The Daily News. Perth, WA. 1 March 1951. p. 3. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "NAVY PUZZLED BY EXPLOSION". The Daily News. Perth, WA. 8 January 1952. p. 1,2. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "Islands Off W.A. "Atom Site"". The Advertiser. Adelaide, SA. 22 April 1952. p. 1. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "The Argus (Melbourne, Vic), Tuesday, 14 April 1953, p.16". Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  15. ^ a b c d "AWM78 183/3 - January 1951 - November 1953". Reports of Proceedings, HMA Ships and Establishments. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  16. ^ Aidan Windle (9 October 2002). "Every cloud had a plutonium lining". The Age. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  17. ^ Kayleen Bell; Steve Grant (1 June 2018). "ATOMIC RIDDLE UNDER NAVY BASE". The Perth Voice Interactive. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  18. ^ "WAPET TO SEEK OIL AT ATOM BOMB SITE". The Daily News. Perth, WA. 22 October 1954. p. 1. Retrieved 21 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "Report of the Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia" (PDF). November 1985. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  20. ^ Blaxell, Gregory (May 2008). "The Wrecks of Homebush Bay". Afloat. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  21. ^ Brook, Benedict (11 June 2017). "The bizarre hidden shipwrecks of Sydney Harbour where nature has taken over". News.com.au. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  22. ^ Susie Baber (12 March 2022). "Homebush Bay Shipwrecks". Escape and Explore.

References

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