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National Commission on the Status of Women

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National Commission on the Status of Women
قومی کمیشن برائے وقار نسواں
AbbreviationNCSW
Formation2000
Legal statusStatutory body of the Government of the Pakistan
Human rights institution
PurposeAchieve gender equality
Women's Empowerment
Elimination of discrimination and violence against Women
Location
  • Islamabad, Pakistan
Chairperson
NILOFAR BAKHTIAR
Websitewww.ncsw.gov.pk

National Commission on Status of Women (NCSW) (Urdu: قومی کمیشن برائے وقار نسواں) is a Pakistani statutory body established by the President Pervez Musharraf, under the XXVI Ordinance dated 17 July 2000.[1] It is an outcome of the national and international commitments of the Government of Pakistan like Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 1995;[2] and 1998 National Plan of Action (NPA) for Women, 1998.[3]

The main objective of the Commission is the emancipation of women, equalization of opportunities and socio-economic conditions amongst women and men, and elimination of all sorts of discrimination against women.

Functions and mandate

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The main functions of the NCSW include the examination of the policy, programs, and other measures taken by the Pakistani Government for women's development and the review of all policies, laws, rules, and regulations affecting the status and rights of women and gender equality in accordance with the Constitution. Other focus areas of the NCSW include violence against women and the needs of rural working women.[4]

NCSW was formed with the intention of examining policies, programs, and laws that affect women's development and gender equality. The commission strives to build and maintain relationships with NGOs and other experts in order to effectively protect women's rights.[5] NCSW mainly works and lobbies with lawmakers, parliamentarians and other decision-makers for promotion of laws and regulations aimed at empowering women in the social, economic and political spheres.

Background

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Two short term commissions were formed in 1976 and 1983 by then government of Pakistan that undertook an analysis of women's status in the country, identifying issues and gaps, and making recommendations to address them. Women's rights activists and organisations raised a demand in the 1980s for establishing a permanent commission that could pursue making of laws, policies and interventions for women's rights and monitor their implementation. Finally, the official National Commission on the Status of Women was formed through a presidential ordinance in 2000, however it was given statutory powers under the NCSW Act 2012 with an expanded scope and mandate.[6]

The National Commission on the Status of Women Act, 2012[7] was passed by the parliament to establish a statutory body with a broad mandate and powers to carry out inquiry of women's rights violations. The National Commission on the Status of Women (Amendment) Act, 2018[8] was adopted by the parliament to ensure that the new chairperson of NCSW would be elected within 30 days after the retirement of the incumbent head. This law provides a time frame for the appointment of the chairperson in order to make the commission more effective.[9] In 2013, NCSW gained administrative and financial autonomy to run its affairs effectively.

Since 2002, all chairpersons have served for at least one term of three-years including Justice (Retd.) Majida Rizvi, Dr. Arfa Sayeda Zehra, and Anis Haroon. However, Khawar Mumtaz remained in the office for two consecutive terms i.e. 2013–2019. Six commissions served out their terms and cycled through different chairpersons, and the commission is currently on its seventh term which started with the appointment of its 12 members from all administrative units of Pakistan in June 2020.[10]

Membership

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Nilofar Bakhtiar

NCSW is composed of a Chairperson and thirteen independent members, preferably women, two each from four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, one each from Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit Baltistan and Islamabad Capital Territory, and one representative the religious minority communities, as well as representatives of each provincial commissions on the status of women, and five ex-officio members representing different government ministries including; Law, Finance, Foreign Affairs, Interior, Human Rights. The Chairperson and the members are appointed for a term of three years.[7]

Chairpersons[11]
No Name From To
1. Dr. Shaheen Sardar Ali 1 September 2000 22 July 2001
2. Dr. Faqir Hussain (Acting) 23 July 2001 6 March 2002
3. Justice (Rtd.) Majida Rizvi 7 March 2002 7 March 2005
4. Dr. Arfa Sayeda Zehra 2 February 2006 1 January 2009
5. Anis Haroon 25 January 2009 26 March 2012
6. Khawar Mumtaz (1st term) 1 January 2013 31 December 2015[12]
7. Khawar Mumtaz (2nd term) 31 October 2016 30 October 2019
8. Nilofar Bakhtiar 28 July 2021 Present
Current members (June 2020 – June 2023)[13]
No Name Province/Areas/Other
1. Sahibzadi Madiha Sultan Azad Jammu and Kashmir
2. Fatima Iqbal Balochistan
3. Rehana Bibi Khilji Balochistan
4. Sosan Aziz Gilgit Baltistan
5. Rubina Naz Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
6. Asiya Azeem Islamabad Capital Territory
7. Dr. Kanwal Afridi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
8. Shaista Bukhari Punjab
9. Ruhi Syed Punjab
10. Habiba Hasan Sindh
11. Haya Emaan Zahid Sindh
12. Prof. (Dr.) Sarah Safdar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Minority Member

Former Members

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2016 – October 2019[14]
No Name Province/Areas/Other
1. Fatima Iqbal Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK)
2. Maria Iqbal Tarana Chairperson, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) Commission on the Status of Women (AJKCSW)
3. Sana Durrani Balochistan
4. Rukhsana Ahmed Ali Balochistan
5. Ali Begum FATA
6. Bibi Nabat Ali Gilgit Baltistan
7. Dr. Huma Qureshi Islamabad
8. Mossarat Qadeem Islamabad
9. Dr. Maryam Bibi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
10. Neelum Toru Chairperson, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Commission on the Status of Women (KPCSW)
11. Sohail Akbar Warraich Punjab
12 Farida Shaeed Punjab
13. Fauzia Viqar Chairperson, Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW)
14. Kausar S. Khan Sindh
15. Dr. Misbah Bibi Qureshi Sindh
16. Dr. Misbah Bibi Qureshi Sindh
17. Kalpna Devi Sindh / Minority Member

Former Members[15]

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(2013–2016)[16]
No Name Province/Areas/Other
1. Nusrat Shaheen Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK)
2. Kishwar Naheed Islamabad Capital Territory
3. Zainab Azmat FATA
4. Sadia Danish Gilgit Baltistan
5. Justice (R) Mehta Kailash Nath Kohli Balochistan
6. Shereen Gul Balochistan
7. Zubaida Noor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
8. Sadia Qasim Shah Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
9. Uzma Noorani Sindh
10. Muhammad Jan Odhano Sindh
11. Saira Afzal Tarar Punjab
12 Tanveer Jahan Punjab
13. Najmi Saleem Punjab / Minority member

Initiatives and key engagements

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In January 2018, NCSW arranged the launch of an Urdu poetry book written by a domestic worker in order to encourage young women writers.[17]

In March 2018, NCSW's chairperson participated in a launch of the Gender Equality in Public Administration in Pakistan Case Study carried out by UNDP and UN Women that analyzed women's representation and access to decision-making roles in the civil service, and presented recommendations to address barriers to gender equality in public administration.[18]

In July 2018, NCSW and the UN Women Pakistan launched a report on the Status of Rural Women in Pakistan, which highlights opportunities and obstacles to rural women face in the development and provides a set of recommendations for action by government, civil society, and donors that can enhance their economic and social wellbeing.[19] The report states that rule women mainly engaged in farming, livestock management, and fisheries, mostly as unpaid (60pc) contributing family workers and earn less from their livestock or on low wages. Their multidimensional work is not acknowledged as the lines between work for economic gain and work as an extension of household chores are blurred and need to be recognized.[20]

In July 2018, NCSW in collaboration with Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) established an Early Warning System in low turn-out areas of women to take action against the responsible by reporting it immediately to ECP to deal with the factors that bar them from voting or from running for office.[21] According to an estimate by NCSW, even if 5,000 new ID cards are issued to women every day, it will take 18 years to bridge the gap between men and women voters.[22]

In January 2019, NCSW's rules were incorporated to let men employees avail leaves of 10 days with full pay and allowances to take care of their wives and newborns as federal government had approved 10 days of paternity leave for government employees in October 2012.[23]

In October 2019, NCSW servering as secretariat of IPMG, organized 4th meeting of Inter-Provincial Ministerial Group (IPMG) for empowerment of Women where the participants reiterated the resolve to ensure the provision of equal rights for all citizens without any discrimination, and reaffirmed international commitments of Pakistan, including the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Beijing Platform for Action and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which promote women's empowerment and rights, women's political representation and women's protection against violence. They stressed recognizing the implementation role of Women Development Departments and the monitoring role of the women rights commissions and the Ministry of Human Rights as the national machinery for the advancement of women and gender equality.[24]

In November 2019, NCSW's Chairperson Khawar Mumtaz and Higher Education Commission (HEC), Dr Tariq Banuri, entered into an agreement for setting up a Public Library and Women's Museum in Islamabad to support education, research, and training on women's roles and contributions to the country's progress.[25]

In 2020, NCSW and UN Women Pakistan initiated the development of a National Gender Data Portal with the technical support by National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), will help improve the data collection, data compiling, production and use of standardized data for effective implementation, monitoring and reporting of the international commitments on gender equality including; UN international CEDAW and the SDGs to which Pakistan is a state party.[26] The collation of data collected from provinces will address the issue of lack of reliable, comprehensive, and consistent national data on gender and the status of women in Pakistan, whereas the data analysis will be instrumental for improving gender mainstreaming in legislative, policy and programmatic interventions using an evidence-based approach and guiding the informed policy and inclusive response on gender equality.[27]

Law and policy committee of NCSW reviewed several draft of laws that affect status and rights of women, provided its input and submitted comments, observations and recommendations to the concerned ministry or committee for incorporation. They include; Reproductive Health Care Bill, Domestic Violence Bill, Christian Marriage and Divorce Bill, Hindu Marriage Bill, Qisas and Diyat Bill, Juvenile Justice System Bill; Cyber Crime Bill; Anti-Rape Bill, and Jirga Bill.[28]

In April 2020, NCSW, Ministry of Human Rights and UN Women Pakistan released a policy paper on Gendered Impact and Implications of Covid-19 in Pakistan. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the adverse impact that pandemic has on the lives and livelihoods of vulnerable women, keeping the focus on key thematic areas including education, health, labour force participation, time use and mobility, financial empowerment, and gender-based violence, and policy recommendations to mitigate immediate risks and prevent the exacerbation of existing gender gaps.[29]

In July 2020, NCSW and UN women Pakistan launched Young Women in Pakistan: Status Report 2020 according to which 29% of young married women face controlling behaviors by husbands, 15% of them have experienced physical violence and 4% have exposed to sexual violence by anyone other than spouse, while 14% of currently married women have faced spousal physical violence and 4% have faced spousal sexual violence during last 12 months.[30][31]

Researchers

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Dr. Anita M. Weiss[32]

Current status and controversy

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According to the NCSW Act, the government is bound to appoint NCSW's members within thirty days of occurrence of a vacancy.[33] However, NCSW's chairperson has not been appointed[34] though the tenure of its preceding chairperson Khawar Mumtaz expired in October 2019.[35]

According to the law, the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly mutually shortlist three names for the position of Chairperson, and forward them to a Parliamentary Committee for making a final selection. In case of lack of consensus between the Leader of the House and the Opposition, a Parliamentary Committee, with equal representation from the treasury and opposition benches of the Senate and National Assembly, constituted by the Speaker of the National Assembly, forward the name of the confirmed nominee to the Prime Minister of Pakistan, for appointment.[36]

Professor Dr. Meher Taj Roghani is serving as the Chairperson of the 12-member Parliamentary Committee set up for the Appointment of the Chairperson of the NCSW.[26]

Publications

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A number of research reports have been published by the commission.[37] These reports play a significant role in ensuring new legislation and decision making at the policy level, thus contributing to the betterment of women in society. Some of the notable research reports include "Access to Justice for survivors of Sexual Assault- A Pilot Study", "Standardized Indicators Violence Against Women in Pakistan", Women's Rights of Inheritance and its Implementation, Women Violence against Jirgas and Aurat Tari Khani.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ The original National Commission was established during the regime of late Gen Zia ul Haq. This 16-member Pakistan National Commission on the Status of Women was set up on 9th of July 1983 via Government of Pakistan Gazette Notification and was headed by Begum Zari Sarfaraz and published the famous 'Report on the Status of Women in Pakistan' in 1985, making strong recommendations against the Hadood Islamic laws earlier promulgated by Gen Zia's regime. The members of the original Commission were: Begum Zari Sarfaraz, Chair; Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan, NWFP; Mrs DJ Kaikobad, Baluchistan; Begum Saeeda Qazi Isa, Baluchistan; Mrs. Mumtaz Rashidi, Sindh; Khanum Gohar Aijaz, Sindh; Prof. Amina Khamsani, Sindh; Begum Anwar G. Ahmed, Sindh; Dr Miss Riffat Rashid, Punjab; Begum Mumtaz U. Karamat, Punjab; Mrs. (Apa) Nisar Fatima, Punjab; Mrs Anis Mirza, Federal Area/ICT; Begum Razia Azizuddin, Nominee of the Majlis e Shoora; Mr Khalid Ishaque, male member; Prof Karrar Hussain, male member; and Dr Z.A. Hashmi, male member. Several federal secretaries were also ex-officio members.
  2. ^ "Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995". www.un.org. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  3. ^ https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/fr/countries/asia/pakistan/1998/national-plan-of-action-for-women- [dead link]
  4. ^ "National Commission on Status of Women striving to promote gender equality". The Express Tribune. 16 January 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  5. ^ Pakistan, NCSW. "Functions of NCSW, Pakistan".
  6. ^ "Pride of Pakistan Khawar Mumtaz". Daily Times. 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  7. ^ a b "NCSW Act 2012" (PDF). National Assembly.
  8. ^ "NCSW Amendment Act 2018" (PDF). National Assembly of Pakistan.
  9. ^ "Ministry of Human Rights". www.mohr.gov.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  10. ^ "Shibli Faraz assures nation PM Imran will attend Parliament session on coronavirus". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  11. ^ Chairpersons, NCSW NCSW official website. Retrieved 22 October 2020
  12. ^ Junaidi, Ikram (2016-10-06). "Khawar Mumtaz to head NCSW again". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  13. ^ "Cabinet to amend laws to appoint heads of institutions". The Nation. 2020-05-13. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  14. ^ "Ministry of Human Rights". www.mohr.gov.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  15. ^ "NCSW Annual Report, bionote of its members". NCSW.
  16. ^ "Annual report NCSW, bionote of members". NCSW.
  17. ^ "National Commission on Status of Women striving to promote gender equality". The Express Tribune. 2018-01-16. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  18. ^ "New research shows major efforts are required to enhance women's representation in Pakistan's civil service". UNDP in Pakistan. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  19. ^ "UN Women's study highlights challenges of rural women in Pakistan | TNN". TNN | Tribal News Network. 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  20. ^ Ali, Farman (2018-07-20). "Rural women working in agriculture contribute to 2.6pc of GDP, says report". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  21. ^ "NCSW for launching campaigns to mobilize women on polling day". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  22. ^ "For First Time in Decades, Some Pakistani Women Vote". Human Rights Watch. 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  23. ^ Reporter, The Newspaper's Staff (2019-01-16). "Paternity leave incorporated in NCSW rules". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  24. ^ "Women empowerment panel demands constitutional rights". The Express Tribune. 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  25. ^ "HEC, NCSW to establish women's museum". The Express Tribune. 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  26. ^ a b "National portal on gender data planned". The Express Tribune. 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  27. ^ "NCSW, UN Women Pakistan initiate development of National Gender Data Portal". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  28. ^ "NCSW annual report". NCSW.
  29. ^ "Coronavirus to worsen gender inequality in Pakistan: report | Pakistan Today". www.pakistantoday.com.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  30. ^ "Study on young women in Pakistan" (PDF). UN Women.
  31. ^ "More than 28% of girls are married before 18 years of age: report". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  32. ^ "Anita M. Weiss – Karachi Literature Festival". Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  33. ^ "NCSW Amendment Act, 2018" (PDF). National Assembly of Pakistan.
  34. ^ "Call to set up women commissions". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  35. ^ "A warm send off to Khawar Mumtaz". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  36. ^ "NCSW Act, 2012" (PDF). National Assembly of Pakistan.
  37. ^ Reports, Research. "Publications by NCSW".
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