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Ozone monitoring instrument

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Image of polar mesospheric clouds taken on 10 July 2007 by OMI

The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI)[1] is a nadir-viewing visual and ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft, which is part of the satellite constellation A-Train. In this group of satellites Aura flies in formation about 15 minutes behind Aqua satellite, both of which orbit the Earth in a polar Sun-synchronous pattern, and which provides nearly global coverage in one day. Aura satellite was launched on July 15, 2004, and OMI has collected data since August 9, 2004.[2]

OMI project

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The OMI project is a cooperation between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes (NIVR), the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA).

The OMI project was carried out under the direction of the NIVR and financed by the Dutch Ministries of Economic Affairs, Transport and Public Works and the Ministry of Education and Science. The instrument was built by Dutch Space in co-operation with Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Science and Industry and Netherlands Institute for Space Research. The Finnish industry supplied the electronics. The scientific part of the OMI project is managed by KNMI (principal investigator Prof. Dr. P. F. Levelt now at the Delft University of Technology), in close co-operation with NASA and the Finnish Meteorological Institute.

Scientific objectives and atmospheric monitoring

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One of the scientific objectives of OMI is to measure trace gases: O3, NO2[3], SO2[4], HCHO[5], BrO[6], and OClO. However, OMI sensors can distinguish between aerosol types, such as smoke, dust, and sulfates[7], and can measure cloud pressure[8][7] and cloud coverage, which provide data to derive tropospheric ozone[9]. In that regard OMI follows in the heritage of TOMS,SBUV, GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOMOS. On top of that, OMI aims to detect emissions in volcanic eruptions with up to at least 100 times more sensitivity than TOMS. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument has been proved an useful platform to monitor other traces gases like Glyoxal[10], variables like surface UV radiation[11], or total column estimations like the water vapor[12], NO2 and Ozone.

Instrument Information

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The instrument observes Earth's backscattered radiation and uses two imaging grating spectrometers, and each grating spectrometer is coupled to a CCD detector with 780x576 (spectral x spatial) pixels. The instrument can operate in two different modes: the normal operational mode where a single pixel in the observation has an spatial resolution 13x24 km2 at nadir (straight down), and the zoom mode where this resolution is increased to 13x12 km2.

Spectral Information

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Spectral information. Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) is also refereed as Average Spectral Resolution. Average Spectral Sampling Distance (ASSD).
Channel Total Range Full Performance Range FWHM ASSD (nm/pixel)
UV-1 264-311 nm 270-310 nm 0.63 0.33
UV-2 307-383 nm 310-365 nm 0.42 0.14
VIS 349-504 nm 365-504 nm 0.63 0.21

OMI measurements cover a spectral region of 264–504 nm (nanometers) with a spectral resolution between 0.42 nm and 0.63 nm and a nominal ground footprint of 13 × 24 km2 at nadir. This spectral coverage is divided in three different channels two of them in the ultraviolet range, and one in the visible spectrum. Note that the ground pixel size of the UV-1 channel is twice as large in the swath direction compared to the other two channels, this optical design of the UV channel were done to reduce straylight in this wavelength range[13].

Orbital Information

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The Aura satellite orbits at an altitude of 705 km in a sun-synchronous polar orbit with an exact 16-day repeat cycle and with a local equator crossing time of 13. 45 ( 1:45 P.M.) on the ascending node. The orbital inclination is 98.1 degrees, providing latitudinal coverage from 82° N to 82° S. It is a wide-field-imaging spectrometer with a 114° across-track viewing angle range that provides a 2600 km wide swath, enabling measurements with a daily global coverage.

Calibration and Validation

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The discussion of the calibration and validation processes began before the launch of Aura Satellite[14][15]. Once the instrument was in orbit the information of these calibration was published[16], showing specific details of the absolute radiometric calibration, the bi-directional scattering distribution function (BSDF) calibration and the spectral calibration carried on. The validation[17], which aim to assess the inherent uncertainties in satellite data products of the instrument together with retrieval algorithms used for each data product, was carried on continuously since the launch of Aura satellite. The validation include products like: total ozone column[18][19], NO2[20][21], ozone vertical profiles[22][23].



Scientific relevance

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Overview of OMI/Aura by NASA

The OMI project has been monitoring the atmospheric composition and providing measurements widely used in the field of atmospheric chemistry research[24]. The fact that it has been operational for more than a decade makes it also useful for trend monitoring. The reference describing the first 14 years of the OMI[7] details the research data products provided by NASA, KNMI, FMI and SAO, also according to these authors, beyond the initial goals, OMI has been important due the high-resolution NO2 and SO2 measurements (OMI is the first instrument that is able to obtain daily global coverage combined with such spatial resolution), and the fact that top-down studies allowed for source attribution analyses.

Awards

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The International Team of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument has received several awards for its contributions to a better understanding of the Earth system:

  • USGS 2018 Pecora Award The Pecora award is annual to recognize individuals or teams using remote sensing in the field of Earth Science. It consider not only the scientific role but also its role informing decision makers and supporting natural or human-induced disaster responses.
  • 2021 AMS Special Award A broad description of this award to OMI International Team is given as an AMS video.

References

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  1. ^ Levelt, P.F.; van den Oord, G.H.J.; Dobber, M.R.; Malkki, A.; Huib Visser; Johan de Vries; Stammes, P.; Lundell, J.O.V.; Saari, H. (31 May 2006). "The ozone monitoring instrument". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 44 (5): 1093–1101. Bibcode:2006ITGRS..44.1093L. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333. ISSN 0196-2892.
  2. ^ "Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Data User's Guide" (PDF). NASA. 5 January 2012.
  3. ^ Lamsal, Lok N.; Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Vasilkov, Alexander; Marchenko, Sergey; Qin, Wenhan; Yang, Eun-Su; Fasnacht, Zachary; Joiner, Joanna; Choi, Sungyeon; Haffner, David; Swartz, William H.; Fisher, Bradford; Bucsela, Eric (21 January 2021). "Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Aura nitrogen dioxide standard product version 4.0 with improved surface and cloud treatments". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 14 (1): 455–479. Bibcode:2021AMT....14..455L. doi:10.5194/amt-14-455-2021. ISSN 1867-1381.
  4. ^ Fioletov, Vitali E.; McLinden, Chris A.; Krotkov, Nickolay; Li, Can; Joiner, Joanna; Theys, Nicolas; Carn, Simon; Moran, Mike D. (15 September 2016). "A global catalogue of large SO2 sources and emissions derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (18): 11497–11519. doi:10.5194/acp-16-11497-2016. ISSN 1680-7316.
  5. ^ Marais, E. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Guenther, A.; Chance, K.; Kurosu, T. P.; Murphy, J. G.; Reeves, C. E.; Pye, H. O. T. (1 August 2014). "Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 14 (15): 7693–7703. Bibcode:2014ACP....14.7693M. doi:10.5194/acp-14-7693-2014. ISSN 1680-7316.
  6. ^ Suleiman, Raid M.; Chance, Kelly; Liu, Xiong; González Abad, Gonzalo; Kurosu, Thomas P.; Hendrick, Francois; Theys, Nicolas (4 April 2019). "OMI total bromine monoxide (OMBRO) data product: algorithm, retrieval and measurement comparisons". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 12 (4): 2067–2084. Bibcode:2019AMT....12.2067S. doi:10.5194/amt-12-2067-2019. ISSN 1867-1381.
  7. ^ a b c Levelt, Pieternel F.; Joiner, Joanna; Tamminen, Johanna; Veefkind, J. Pepijn; Bhartia, Pawan K.; Stein Zweers, Deborah C.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Streets, David G.; Eskes, Henk; van der A, Ronald; McLinden, Chris; Fioletov, Vitali; Carn, Simon; de Laat, Jos; DeLand, Matthew (24 April 2018). "The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 18 (8): 5699–5745. Bibcode:2018ACP....18.5699L. doi:10.5194/acp-18-5699-2018. ISSN 1680-7316.
  8. ^ Note that several studies of OMI retrievals indicate that the cloud pressures derived from OMI measure an average pressure reached by solar photons inside a cloud.
  9. ^ Mielonen, T.; de Haan, J. F.; van Peet, J. C. A.; Eremenko, M.; Veefkind, J. P. (9 February 2015). "Towards the retrieval of tropospheric ozone with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 8 (2): 671–687. Bibcode:2015AMT.....8..671M. doi:10.5194/amt-8-671-2015. ISSN 1867-1381.
  10. ^ Kwon, Hyeong-Ahn; González Abad, Gonzalo; Chan Miller, Christopher; Hall, Kirsten R.; Nowlan, Caroline R.; O’Sullivan, Ewan; Wang, Huiqun; Chong, Heesung; Ayazpour, Zolal; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly (September 2024). "Updated OMI Glyoxal Column Measurements Using Collection 4 Level 1B Radiances". Earth and Space Science. 11 (9). doi:10.1029/2024EA003705. ISSN 2333-5084.
  11. ^ Tanskanen, A.; Krotkov, N.A.; Herman, J.R.; Arola, A. (24 April 2006). "Surface ultraviolet irradiance from OMI". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 44 (5): 1267–1271. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.862203. hdl:11603/28634. ISSN 0196-2892.
  12. ^ Wang, Huiqun; Souri, Amir Hossein; González Abad, Gonzalo; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly (27 September 2019). "Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Total Column Water Vapor version 4 validation and applications". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 12 (9): 5183–5199. doi:10.5194/amt-12-5183-2019. ISSN 1867-1381.
  13. ^ Instituut, Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch (22 November 2019). "Instrument - Ozone Monitoring Instrument - KNMI Projects". www.knmiprojects.nl. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  14. ^ Dobber, M.; Dirksen, R.; Levelt, P.; van den Oord, B.; Jaross, G.; Kowalewski, M.; Mount, G.; Heath, D.; Hilsenrath, E.; de Vries, J. (1 April 2003). "Ozone Monitoring Instrument flight-model on-ground calibration from a scientific point of view": 6489. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ Dobber, Marcel & Dirksen, Ruud & Levelt, P. & Oord, G.H.J. & Jaross, Glen & Kowalewski, Matt & Mount, George & Heath, Donald & Hilsenrath, Ernest & Cebula, R. (2004). Ozone Monitoring Instrument flight-model on-ground and in-flight calibration. 554. 89-96.
  16. ^ Dobber, M.R.; Dirksen, R.J.; Levelt, P.F.; van den Oord, G.H.J.; Voors, R.H.M.; Kleipool, Q.; Jaross, G.; Kowalewski, M.; Hilsenrath, E.; Leppelmeier, G.W.; Johan de Vries; Dierssen, W.; Rozemeijer, N.C. (May 2006). "Ozone monitoring instrument calibration". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 44 (5): 1209–1238. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.869987. ISSN 0196-2892.
  17. ^ Loew, Alexander; Bell, William; Brocca, Luca; Bulgin, Claire E.; Burdanowitz, Jörg; Calbet, Xavier; Donner, Reik V.; Ghent, Darren; Gruber, Alexander; Kaminski, Thomas; Kinzel, Julian; Klepp, Christian; Lambert, Jean‐Christopher; Schaepman‐Strub, Gabriela; Schröder, Marc (6 June 2017). "Validation practices for satellite‐based Earth observation data across communities". Reviews of Geophysics. 55 (3): 779–817. doi:10.1002/2017RG000562. ISSN 8755-1209.
  18. ^ McPeters, R.; Kroon, M.; Labow, G.; Brinksma, E.; Balis, D.; Petropavlovskikh, I.; Veefkind, J. P.; Bhartia, P. K.; Levelt, P. F. (16 August 2008). "Validation of the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column ozone product". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 113 (D15). doi:10.1029/2007JD008802. ISSN 0148-0227.
  19. ^ Balis, D.; Kroon, M.; Koukouli, M. E.; Brinksma, E. J.; Labow, G.; Veefkind, J. P.; McPeters, R. D. (27 December 2007). "Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument total ozone column measurements using Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometer ground‐based observations". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 112 (D24). doi:10.1029/2007JD008796. ISSN 0148-0227.
  20. ^ Compernolle, Steven; Verhoelst, Tijl; Pinardi, Gaia; Granville, José; Hubert, Daan; Keppens, Arno; Niemeijer, Sander; Rino, Bruno; Bais, Alkis; Beirle, Steffen; Boersma, Folkert; Burrows, John P.; De Smedt, Isabelle; Eskes, Henk; Goutail, Florence (10 July 2020). "Validation of Aura-OMI QA4ECV NO2 climate data records with ground-based DOAS networks: the role of measurement and comparison uncertainties". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 20 (13): 8017–8045. doi:10.5194/acp-20-8017-2020. ISSN 1680-7316.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  21. ^ Celarier, E. A.; Brinksma, E. J.; Gleason, J. F.; Veefkind, J. P.; Cede, A.; Herman, J. R.; Ionov, D.; Goutail, F.; Pommereau, J.‐P.; Lambert, J.‐C.; van Roozendael, M.; Pinardi, G.; Wittrock, F.; Schönhardt, A.; Richter, A. (16 August 2008). "Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument nitrogen dioxide columns". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 113 (D15). doi:10.1029/2007JD008908. ISSN 0148-0227.
  22. ^ Liu, X.; Bhartia, P. K.; Chance, K.; Froidevaux, L.; Spurr, R. J. D.; Kurosu, T. P. (12 March 2010). "Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ozone profiles and stratospheric ozone columns with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 10 (5): 2539–2549. doi:10.5194/acp-10-2539-2010. ISSN 1680-7316.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  23. ^ Kroon, M.; de Haan, J. F.; Veefkind, J. P.; Froidevaux, L.; Wang, R.; Kivi, R.; Hakkarainen, J. J. (20 September 2011). "Validation of operational ozone profiles from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument". Journal of Geophysical Research. 116 (D18). doi:10.1029/2010JD015100. ISSN 0148-0227.
  24. ^ "ACP – Special issue – Ten years of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations (ACP/AMT inter-journal SI)".
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