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- Before 0: The southern part of present-day Sweden is populated by Germanic tribes.
- 120 BC: The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC.
- 3rd century: One of the Germanic tribes, the Goths, migrate to what is present-day Ukraine and found a Gothic Kingdom.
- 500s: The tribes get divided between the Svear and the Geats. Proto-countries come into development.
- 800s: Swedish tribes take part in Viking expeditions to the east. They colonize, raid and trade in various parts of Europe.
- 862: Swedish Vikings, known as Varangians settle in present-day Northern Russia and are said to have found the state of Rus', ruled by the Varangian chieftain Rørik.
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- 500s: Scania is populated by Danes.
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Kingdom of Sweden
- c. 970: Eiríkr is said to be the first king of the Swedes.
- c. 989: His son Olof Skötkonung is documented as king accepted by both the Svear and the Geats, Germanic tribes that live in Sweden.
- 1060: Steinkell brings the house of Stenkil. Most of the following kings until 1125 are from this house.
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Kingdom of Denmark
- 900s: Scania is part of Denmark.
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- 1125: Sweden gets partitioned, Ragnvald rules what is called Sweden, populated by the Svear.
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Kingdom of Gothenland
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- 1130: Swærkir defeats Magnus and becomes king of a united Sweden, creating the house of Sverker.
- 1142: Sweden and Novgorod start to have fights, regularily fights take place until 1440.
- 1156: After the murder of Swærkir, Eric becomes king.
- 1160: Eric is assassinated and succeeded by Magnus Henriksson.
- 1161: He is arrested and executed by the forces of his rival Karl Sverkersson, son of Swærkir.
- 1167: Karl is killed by Knut Eriksson, son of Erik. A civil was between various rival kings takes place.
- 1173: Knut becomes sole ruler of Sweden.
- 12th century-1249: Sweden establishes its rule from the 12th century until 1249 in present-day Finland, making it part of Sweden.
- 1196: Sverker Karlsson is elected king after the death of Knut.
- 1198: Sweden and Denmark start a crusade to defeat the pagans in present-day Estonia and Latvia.
- 1208: Erik Knutsson defeats Sverker and becomes king.
- 1216: After his death teen-ager Johan Sverkersson is elected king.
- 1222: Johan dies, Erik Eriksson, the six-year old son of Erik Knutsson becomes king. Knut Holmgersson becomes de facto ruler.
- 1229: Erik is overthrown, Knut Holmgersson becomes king (crowned in 1231).
- 1234: After Knuts death, Erik returns and rules until his own death in 1250.
- 1240: A Swedish campaign is defeated at the Neva by Novgorod and allies.
- 1249: Sweden ends a campaign in and completes the annexation of part of Finland.
- 1250: After his death, his cousin Valdemar Birgersson becomes king, with Birger Magnusson as regent and de facto ruler until 1266.
- 1275: Valdemar is overthrown by his brother Magnus Birgersson with Danish support.
- 1293: Sweden stages a campaign to conquer part of Karelia.
- 1311: Sweden and Novgorod fight each other in Finland.
- 1318: King Birger Magnusson is ousted by his brothers. Novgorod invades Swedish Finland.
- 1319: His nephew Magnus Eriksson, three years old, is elected king of Sweden. The same year he is elected king of Norway.
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- 1332: Magnus conquers part of Scania from Denmark.
- 1337: A Karelian uprising is supported by Sweden.
- 1343: His minor son Håkon Magnusson becomes king of Norway, Magnus rules Norway as regent.
- 1355: The regency of Magnus over Norway ends.
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- 1361: King Valdemar Atterdag of Denmark conquers Scania, Öland, and Gotland with the major Hanseatic town Visby.
- 1364: Magnus is overthrown by Albrecht zu Mecklenburg.
- 1384: Albrecht becomes also duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
- 1389: Queen Margrete of Denmark and Norway deposes Albrecht and becomes also becomes queen of Sweden.
- 1397: She founds the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms until 1523 with some intervals.
- 1435: Sweden is ruled by king Erik VII of Denmark and Norway. Sweden gets a estates assembly.
- 1436: A rebellion against the Danes led by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson is suppressed, but starts the erosion of the Kalmar Union.
- 1439: Both the Danish and Swedish nobility depose Erik VII. He is succeeded by Christoph of Palatine-Neumarkt as king Christoffer III in Denmark in 1440 and Kristoffer in Sweden in 1441. Erik remains king of Norway.
- 1442: Christoffer III becomes also king of Norway.
- 1443: Christoffer III becomes also count-palatinate of Neumarkt.
- 1448: After the death of Christoffer III, the personal union with Denmark and Neumarkt ends. Karl Knutsson Bonde becomes king Karl VII of Sweden and king of Norway.
- 1450: Karl VII loses Norway to king Christian of Denmark.
- 1457: Christian of Denmark becomes also king of Sweden.
- 1464: The personal union between Sweden and Denmark-Norway ends, Karl VII is restored as king of Sweden.
- 1470: After the death of king Karl VII Sweden is ruled by regent Sten Sture. King Christian I of Denmark attacks Sweden, but is defeated.
- 1495: Russia and Denmark commence a war against Sweden.
- 1497: King Hans of Denmark defeats at Rotebro regent Sten Sture and becomes king Johan II of Sweden.
- 1501: Johan II is overthrown in Sweden, ending the union with Denmark-Norway. Sweden is ruled by regent Sten Sture and his successors Svante Nilsson (1504-1512), Erik Trolle (1512-1512) and Sten Sture the Younger (1512-1520).
- 1521: King Christian II of Denmark-Norway becomes king of Sweden. The Swedish War of Liberation starts, Gustav Eriksson leads the Swedish uprising.
- 1523: King Christian II is overthrown and Sweden separates itself from Denmark-Norway and Gustav Erikson of the House of Vasa becomes king of Sweden. The independence is confirmed in 1524 in the Treaty of Malmö.
- 1557: The Treaty of Novgorod between Russia and Sweden ends a war that started in 1554 with a truce.
- 1558: Russia commences the Livonian War to conquer present-day Estonia and Latvia against Poland-Lithuania, Sweden and Denmark.
- 1561: The Livonian Order loses Estonia to king Erik XIV , who becomes duke of Estonia and appoints a governor-general.
- {[anchor|1563}}1563: King Frederik II of Denmark and king Erik XIV of Sweden commence the Northern Seven Years' War.
- 1570: The Treaty of Stettin ends the war with the status quo ante bellum.
- 1583: In the Treaty of Plussa the victory of the Swedish king Johann III over tsar Ivan IV Vasiljevič is confirmed with a truce.
- 1587: Sigismund III, crown prince of Sweden, becomes ruler of Poland-Lithuania.
- 1590: Tsar Boris Godunov of Russia invades Swedish Estonia.
- 1592: Sigismund III Vasa, king of Poland-Lithuania, becomes by inheritance king of Sweden.
- 1595: The Treaty of Teusina restored to Russia all territory ceded in 1583 to Sweden except for Narva. Russia renounces all claims on Estonia.
- 1597: A peasant uprising in Finland is suppressed.
- 1599: After been defeated at Stångebro Sigismund is overthrown in Sweden by his uncle Karl IX, ending the personal union with Poland-Lithuania.
- 1600: Sigismund claims the Swedish throne and commences war over control of Livonia and Estonia.
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- 1600s: The area populated by Sami is incorporated into Sweden.
- 1601-1603: Part of Polish Estonia is occupied by Sweden.
- 1610: The Polish-Lithuanian army defeats at Klushino a combined Russian-Swedish army and conquers Moscow. It is followed by a truce in 1611 between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden. After the victory of Poland-Lithuania over Russia and Sweden, tsar Vasilij IV is overthrown. Russia is ruled by seven boyars. They select the Polish prince Władysław IV Vasa as tsar. De facto Russia is ruled by the Poles. Sweden declares the Ingrian War against the new rulers in Russia.
- 1611: King Christian IV of Denmark declares the Kalmar War in reaction to claims by king Carl IX to traditionally Norwegian area.
- 1613: The Treaty of Knäred conforms the Danish victory in the war.
- 1617: The war between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden recommences, but ends in 1618 with another truce. The Treaty of Stolbovo ends the Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia. Russia loses Ingria and is stripped of of its access to the Baltic Sea.
- 1621: After a Swedish attack on Livonia and Riga the Polish-Swedish War with Poland-Lithuania recommences. Riga and Livonia are annexed to Sweden.
- 1625: Sweden conquers Livonia and Dorpat.
- 1626: The war shifts to Prussia.
- 1629: After Poland defeated at Trzciana the Swedes, the Truce of Altmark ends the hostilities between Sweden and Poland-Lithuania. Most of Livonia goes to Sweden.
- 1630: Sweden intervenes in the Thirty Years' War between the emperor and the German protestants and attacks the imperial army in Northern Germany. The Swedish occupation of Pomerania is followed in the Treaty of Stettin with an alliance between Pomerania and Sweden.
- 1632: King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden defeats at Lützen the imperial army led by Albrecht von Wallenstein. However, Gustav II Adolf dies on the battlefield.
- 1634: The imperial army, supported by Spain, defeats at Nördlingen the combined Swedish and protestant Germany army.
- 1635: The Peace of Prague is planned to end the war. However the French prime minister Cardinal Richelieu restarts the war with an attack on the Spanish Netherlands.
- 1636: France declares war on the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1637: Queen Kristina becomes duchess of Pomerania inside the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1638: Sweden establishes New Sweden in North America.
- 1645: With the Treaty of Brömsebro the Torstenson War between Sweden and Denmark ends and Denmark cedes Ösel-Wiek and parts of Norway to Sweden.
- 1648: A combined Swedish-French army defeats at Zusmarshausen the imperial army, followed by a Swedish victory at Prague. Emperor Ferdinand III loses the war. The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and marks the end of the Holy Roman Empire as a major European power. Queen Kristina becomes also duchess of Bremen-Verden.
- 1648: Pomerania is divided between Sweden and Brandenburg, parts east of the Oder fall to Brandenburg.
- 1653: The Treaty of Stettin defines the borders between Swedish and Brandenburgian Pomerania.
- 1654: Kristina abdicates and is succeeded by Karl X Gustav, until that moment count palatinate of Palatinate-Kleeburg. After an attack by Sweden on Bremen, the city had to pledge allegiance to the king Karl X Gustav.
- 1655: The Netherlands annex New Sweden. Sweden invades Poland-Lithuania and conquers after the victory at Ujście and Kraków large parts of the country. At the end of the year the Poles succeed to stop the Swedes at Jasna Góra.
- 1656: Brandenburg-Prussia allies with Sweden and joins the war. Russia starts a war with Sweden and invades Livonia. The joint Brandenburgian-Swedish army defeats at Warsaw the Poles.
- 1657: Brandenburg-Prussia joins Poland-Lithuania in the Second Northern War against Sweden.
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- 1658: With the Treaty of Roskilde during the Second Northern War Denmark-Norway cedes Scania and other territories, including Trondheim, to Sweden. This is confirmed at the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. With the Treaty of Valiesar Sweden allows Russia to keep conquered Livonian territories.
- 1660: In the Treaty of Copenhagen Bornholm is restored from Sweden to Denmark and Trondheim to Norway. The Treaty of Oliva confirms the Swedish victory in the Second Northern War between Sweden, Brandenburg-Prussia and Poland.
- 1661: In the Treaty of Cardis the Second Northern War between Russia and Sweden ends and Russia returns the conquered territories.
- 1666: Sweden fails to conquer Bremen, defended by the Dutch Republic and other German states, in a second attack and in the Peace of Habenhausen the independence of the city is secured.
- 1675: Supported by the Netherlands, king Christian V of Denmark gets into the Scanian War, defended by king Karl XI of Sweden.
- 1679: In various treaties the war between Sweden and Denmarks ends with a status quo ante bellum. With the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) Swedish Pomerania and Bremen-Verden are restored to Sweden.
- 1681: King Karl XI becomes also count palatinate of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.
- 1700: Tsar Pyotr of Russia leads a coalition with Denmark, Saxony and Poland-Lithuania in the Great Northern War to contest the supremacy of Sweden in Northern Europe. During the war Great Britain joins the coalition.
- 1704: After Sweden occupied large parts of Poland, the Polish nobility deposes August II and Stanisław Leszczyński becomes king.
- 1706: With the Treaty of Altranstädt between Sweden and Poland-Lithuania August II/Augustas II resigns as king of Poland-Lithuania.
- 1709: King Karl XII defeated at Poltava and flees to the Ottoman Empire.
- 1710: The Swedes in Livonia, Estonia and Ingria surrender in the Swedish-Russian Great Northern War. Livonia and Estonia are conquered by Russia.
- 1712: During his exile, Karl XII loses Bremen-Verden after its occupation by Denmark.
- 1714: Karl XII returns to Sweden.
- 1715: Brunswick-Luneburg and Prussia enter the Great Northern War against Sweden.
- 1716: Swedish forces invade Norway, capture the capital Christiania, (modern Oslo), but are defeated by the Norwegian army.
- 1718: During an attack on Norway, Karl XII is killed. Zweibrücken is separated from Sweden. In Sweden Karl XII is succeeded by Ulrika as queen-regentess.
- 1719: With the Treaty of Stockholm the war between Sweden and Brunswick-Lüneburg ends, Sweden cedes Bremen-Verden to Brunswick-Lüneburg. The powers of the estates assembly in Sweden are enlarged.
- 1720: Friedrich of Hesse-Kassel, husband of Ulrika, becomes as Fredrik king of Sweden. Sweden loses the war against the coalition. With the Treaty of Nystad Russia gains the Swedish possessions Estonia, Livonia and Ingria as well as parts of Karelia. With the Treaties of Stockholm Prussia gains parts of Swedish Pomerania and the loss of Bremen-Verden is confirmed.
- 1730: Fredrik becomes also landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
- 1741: Sweden invades from Finland Russia. The invasion fails.
- 1743: Russia conquers Finland, but agrees in the Treaty of Åbo to end the occupation under the condition that Adolf Friedrich (Adolf Fredrik) of house of Holstein-Gottorp is named heir to the throne. A rebellion is suppressed.
- 1751: After the death of King Fredrik, Sweden and Hesse-Kassel are separated. Adolf Fredrik becomes king.
- 1756: Austria's desire to recover Silesia from Prussia leads France and Austria to put aside their rivalry. A Seven Years' War involving most European great power and affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India and the Philippines commences between two coalitions, led by the Great Britain (incl. Prussia, Portugal, Brunswick-Lüneburg and other small German states) on one side and led by France (incl. Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Spain and Sweden on the other. Adolf Fredrik's wife, queen Louisa Ulrika, attempts by a coup to strengthen royal power. The attempt is subdued.
- 1763: The war ends with a Status quo ante bellum in Europe. The Treaty of Hamburg arranges the peace between Prussia and Sweden.
- 1772: Gustav III, king since 1771, performs a coup d'état to restore absolute monarchy, leading to a new constitution.
- 1784: France cedes Saint Barthélemy to Sweden.
- 1788: King Gustav III commences a war against Russia.
- 1790: The Russian-Swedish war ends inconclusive with the Treaty of Värälä.
- 1792: Gustav III is assassinated by a conspiracy of noblemen. He is succeeded by his son Gustav IV Adolf. His uncle Karl becomes regent.
- 1793: A coup by Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt to depose regent Karl is exposed.
- 1807: France is victorious at the decisive Battle of Friedland which marks the end of the War of the Fourth Coalition with Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Pomerania is occupied by France.
- 1808: Russia starts the Finnish War against Sweden by invading Finland.
- 1809: The army stages a coup d'état and the estates assembly forces king Gustav IV Adolf to abdicate. Karl becomes as Karl XIII king. The constitutional monarchy is restored. The government is limited responsible to the estates assembly. The same year the Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory over Sweden. Sweden cedes Finland to Russia.
- 1810: The Treaty of Paris ends the war between France and Sweden. Karl XIII is prematurely decrepit. Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte becomes crown prince and regent. Pomerania is regained by Sweden.
- 1812: Pomerania is occupied by France.
- 1813: The allied forces of Russia, Austria, Prussia, Sweden defeats at Leipzig the forces of France and allies. Pomerania is regained by Sweden. Sweden controls Guadeloupe, which is occupied by the United Kingdom.
- 1814: France is finally defeated in the War of the Sixth Coalition. Napoleon goes into exile on Elba. Sweden cedes Guadeloupe to France.
- 1814: With the Treaty of Kiel Denmark has to cede Norway in exchange for Swedish Pomerania to Sweden . A constituent assembly in Norway elects Christian Frederik as king of Norway. In the Swedish-Norwegian War Sweden forces Christian Frederik to abdicate and king Karl XIII of Sweden becomes also king Karl II of Norway in a personal union. Norway becomes a constitutional monarchy with the Swedish king Karl XIII as king in the Union between Sweden and Norway.
- 1815: The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna provides that Pomerania is ceded by Denmark to Prussia and the Russian annexation of Finland.
- 1818: After the death of Karl XIII, Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte becomes king as Karl XIV Johann.
- 1866: The estates assembly is replaced by a bicameral parliament with two chambers, one chamber is elected directly on a limited suffrage, the other chamber is elected by representatives of local government.
- 1876: The office of prime minister is established, the government is responsible to the parliament.
- 1878: Sweden cedes Saint Barthélemy to France.
- 1905: The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved. Norway achieves full independence, which is confirmed with the Convention of Karlstad.
- 1909: Sweden introduces universal male suffrage for the direct elections.
- 1920: Sweden is a founding member of the League of Nations.
- 1921: Sweden introduces universal suffrage.
- 1940-1945: Sweden remains neutral during World War II.
- 1946: Sweden joins the United Nations.
- 1949: Sweden is a founding member of the Council of Europe.
- 1952: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden establish the Nordic Council.
- 1960: Sweden is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association.
- 1971: The parliament becomes unicameral.
- 1975: The king no longer any powers. The parliament elects the prime minister and the government is responsible to the parliament.
- 1995: Sweden joins the European Union, predecessors of the European Union.[1] and withdraws from the European Free Trade Association.
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