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EDD Online

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English Dialect Dictionary Online (EDD Online) is a database and electronic interface of the comprehensive English Dialect Dictionary as published by the Yorkshire dialectologist Joseph Wright from 1898-1905. The online interface, which allows for access to English dialects of the 18th and 19th centuries worldwide, was created by the linguist Manfred Markus and his team at the University of Innsbruck (Austria) from 2006 to 2022. The final version EDD Online 4.0 was launched in April 2023. [1]

EDD Online interface

Main purpose and availability

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The Innsbruck online version EDD Online is a toolbox allowing for selective queries about the EDD regarding eight linguistic parameters, such as variants of orthography, compounds, and phrases, as well as a large number of filters, for example labels, areas of regional dialects, and etymology). EDD Online is subject to a Creative Commons licence, so that the access is free of charge.

Wright's EDD as the basis of EDD Online

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The book version of the EDD was compiled by the Yorkshire linguist and dialectologist Joseph Wright. The six-volume dictionary is the most comprehensive dialect dictionary ever published.[2] Its 4,670 pages document the use of English dialects in the United Kingdom and most of the countries world-wide where English was spoken during the time of reference from 1700 to 1904.[3]

EDD Online: genesis

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Manfred Markus initiated EDD Online as a project in 2006 and supervised it until its completion. It went through four stages, with the last version published in 2023 (EDD Online 4.0). [4] Financial support came mainly from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) as well as the Tiroler Wissenschaftsförderung ('Tyrolean Science Fund') [5] and the University of Innsbruck. [6] In its early stages (2006-2011), the project was supported by the centre of Digitalisierung & Elektronische Archivierung ('Digitisation & Electronic Archiving') (DEA) [7] at the University of Innsbruck as well as the Trier Center for Digital Humanities [8] at the University of Trier, Germany .[9] The text of the EDD, after its scanning, typing and correction, was transferred into a vertical XML-version, parsed (semi-automatically) and adapted to the coordinates of TEI (the Text Encoding Initiative). The interface, providing comfortable access to the information contained in the EDD′s entries, was created by using programming languages, editors and environments such as JavaScript, Oxygen, Netbeans, and the database management system BaseX. The project's third phase (in 2018) saw the implementation of the Supplement and Wright's Corrigenda . [10]

EDD Online: query functions

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EDD Online can filter out bits of information or summed-up data that are hidden within the often extended entries. Queries may refer to spelling variants, pronunciation, definitions, quotations, compounds, and phrases, or individual strings within these categories. Users can combine these parameters with linguistic filters ranging from dialect areas and usage labels to parts of speech and sources, and from aspects of phonetics and morphology to etymology, pragmatics and time spans. Using wildcards allows for retrieving words and strings triggered on certain filters. Users can, therefore, easily produce county-specific or other regional glossaries of their own. Moreover, the interface provides a number of extra tools, for example an on-the-fly KWIC concordancer and the quantification and normalisation of retrieved data plus their automatic transfer into choropleth maps.

Relevance of EDD Online for dialectology

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EDD Online by its toolbox applies new methods in dialectology, in particular so-called dialectometrical quantification. These methods were comprehensively described in the book by Manfred Markus English Dialect Dictionary Online. A New Departure in English Dialectology (2021).[11] David Crystal has acclaimed English Dialect Dictionary Online, both the book and the project, for setting a new standard in dialectology (see jacket text of the book).[12] Dialectometry is based on the statistics of a large number of dialectal features and the automatic transfer of the yielded frequency figures to multi-colour (choropleth) maps. The approach implies abandoning separate observations about dialect in favour of a focus on the distribution of dialect similarities and differences.[13] The value of EDD Online, which has also been positively acknowledged by the reviewer Javier Ruano-García [14], has given rise to many publications based on the interface, including those by Manfred Markus himself (see list of sources below).

Notes

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  1. ^ Basic information on the interface is provided on its welcome page {HYPERLINK "https://eddonline4-proj.uibk.ac.at/edd/"} as well as by its EDD Online Guide {HYPERLINK "https://eddonline4-proj.uibk.ac.at/edd/main.html"}, both accessed 18 Sept 2024.
  2. ^ Wright, Joseph, ed. and comp. 1898-1905. "The English Dialect Dictionary". London: Henry Frowde. Preface, p. v.
  3. ^ https://eddonline4-proj.uibk.ac.at/edd/, accessed 18 Sept 2024.
  4. ^ https://www.uibk.ac.at/en/anglistik/research/projects/, accessed 18 Sept 2024.
  5. ^ https://www.tirol.gv.at/arbeit-wirtschaft/wirtschaft-und-arbeit/foerderungen/wissenschaft-forschung/tiroler-wissenschaftsfoerderung/
  6. ^ https://eddonline4-proj.uibk.ac.at/edd/, frontpage (accessed 18 Sept 2024).
  7. ^ https://www.uibk.ac.at/de/germanistik/forschung/einrichtungen/dea/, accessed 1 Oct 2024
  8. ^ https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompetenzzentrum_%E2%80%93_Trier_Center_for_Digital_Humanities, accessed 1 Oct 2024.
  9. ^ https://eddonline4-proj.uibk.ac.at/edd/, pp. 1-2 (accessed 18 Sept 2024).
  10. ^ Markus, Manfred 2019. EDD Online: What is new in its latest version 3.0. Dialectologica et Geolinguistica 27: 103-121: {HYPERLINK https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/dialect-2019-0006/html}, accessed 18 Sept 2024.
  11. ^ {HYPERLINK https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/english-dialect-dictionary-online/introduction/ECC7DE21AC739E217AA38B0D38B321242021}, accessed 21 Sept 2024.
  12. ^ {HYPERLINK https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/english-dialect-dictionary-online/introduction/ECC7DE21AC739E217AA38B0D38B321242021}, accessed 21 Sept 2024.
  13. ^ Nerbonne, John; Kretzschmar, William A. (2013). "Dialectometry++" (PDF). Literary and Linguistic Computing: J. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. 28 (1): 2–12. doi:10.1093/llc/fqs062: {https://academic.oup.com/dsh/article-abstract/28/1/2/955308}.
  14. ^ Ruano-García, Javier (2021). Review of Manfred Markus. 2021. English Dialect Dictionary Online: A New Departure in English Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anglia 139 (4): 758

References and further reading

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Books and articles/reviews in books

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  • Chamson, Emil (2012). "Etymology in the English Dialect Dictionary." In Markus, Manfred, Yoko Iyeiri, Reinhard Heuberger & Emil Chamson (ed.). Middle and Modern English Corpus Linguistics: A Multi-dimensional Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 225–240.
  • Crystal, David (2015). The Disappearing Dictionary: A Treasure of Lost English Dialect Words. London: MacMillan.
  • Goebl, Hans (2007). "A Bunch of Dialectometric Flowers: A Brief Introduction to Dialectometry." In Smit, Ute, Stefan Dollinger, Julia Hüttner, Gunter Kaltenböck & Ursula Lutzky (eds.). Tracing English through Time: Explorations in Language Variation. In Honour of Herbert Schendl on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Wien: Braumüller. pp. 133–183.
  • Heuberger, Reinhard (2010). "Retrieving Pragmatic Information in Wright's EDD Online: Methods, Benefits and Problems." In Markus, Manfred, Clive Upton & Reinhard Heuberger (eds.). Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary and Beyond: Studies in Late Modern English Dialectology. Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. pp. 153–167.
  • Markus, Manfred (2010). "Diminutives in English Standard and Dialects: A Survey Based on Wright's English Dialect Dictionary." In Markus, Manfred, Clive Upton and Reinhard Heuberger (ed.). Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary and Beyond: Studies in Late Modern English Dialectology. Frankfurt am Main etc.: Peter Lang. pp. 111–129.
  • Markus, Manfred (2015). "Spoken Features of Interjections in English Dialect (based on Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary)." In Taavitsainen, Irma, Merja Kytö, Claudia Claridge & Jeremy Smith (eds.). Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. pp. 116–134.
  • Markus, Manfred (2017). "Review of Monika Wegmann. 2016. Language in Space: The Cartographic Representation of Dialects. Travaux de Linguistique et de Philologie. Strasbourg: Éditions de Linguistique et de Philologie". Anglia. 136 (3): 530–537.
  • Markus, Manfred (2021). English Dialect Dictionary Online: A New Departure in English Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Markus, Manfred, Yoko Iyeiri, Reinhard Heuberger, and Emil Chamson, eds. (2012). Middle and Modern English Corpus Linguistics: A Multi-dimensional Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Müller, Thorsten; Stadelmann, Vera (2010). "From Cock-throwing to Croquet: Games and Sports in Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary". In Markus, Manfred, Clive Upton & Reinhard Heuberger (ed.). Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary and Beyond: Studies in Late Modern English Dialectology. Bern etc.: Peter Lang. pp. 167–186.
  • Nerbonne, John, and William A. Kretzschmar (2013). "Dialectometry++". Literary and Linguistic Computing. 28 (1): 2–12.
  • Onysko, Alexander (2010). "Phrases, combinations and compounds in the English Dialect Dictionary as a source of conceptual metaphors and metonymies in Late Modern English Dialects". In Markus, Manfred, Clive Upton, and Reinhard Heuberger (eds.). Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary and Beyond: Studies in Late Modern English Dialectology. Frankfurt am Main etc.: Peter Lang. pp. 131-153.
  • Praxmarer, Christoph (2010). "Joseph Wright's EDD and the Geographical Distribution of Dialects: A Visual Approach". In Markus, Manfred, Clive Upton & Reinhard Heuberger (ed.). Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary and Beyond: Studies in Late Modern English Dialectology. Frankfurt/M., etc.: Peter Lang. pp. 61–73.
  • Ruano-García, Javier (2021). "Review of Manfred Markus. 2021. English Dialect Dictionary Online: A New Departure in English Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In Anglia. 139 (4): 758
  • Upton, Clive (2012). "The Importance of Being Janus. Midland Speakers and the 'North-South Divide'." In Markus, Manfred, Yoko Iyeiri, Reinhard Heuberger, & Emil Chamson (eds.). Middle and Modern English Corpus Linguistics: A Multi-dimensional Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 257–268.
  • Wright, Joseph, ed. and comp. 1898-1905. The English Dialect Dictionary. London: Henry Frowde.

Articles in periodicals

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