View source for above

==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|aboue||obsolete}}

===Etymology===
[[File:Circle above square.svg|thumb|upright|A [[circle#Noun|circle]] above ''(sense 2)'' a [[square#Noun|square]]]]

<!--* First attested in 896.-->
From {{inh|en|enm|above}}, {{m|enm|aboven}}, {{m|enm|abuven}}, from {{inh|en|ang|ābufan}}, {{m|ang|onbufan}}, from {{m|ang|on||on}} + {{m|ang|bufan||over}}, (akin to {{cog|is|ofan||from above}}, {{cog|dum|bōven}}, {{cog|ofs|bova}}, {{cog|gmh|bobene}}) from {{m|ang|bī||by}} + {{m|ang|ufan||over}}; also cognate with {{cog|da|oven}}, {{cog|nl|boven}}, {{cog|de|oben}}, {{cog|sv|ovan}}, {{cog|osx|oban|oƀan}}, {{cog|goh|obana}}.

The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|ə-bŭvʹ|a=RP}} {{IPA|en|/əˈbʌv/}}
* {{IPA|en|/əˈbʌv/|a=GA}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-above.ogg|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌv|s=2}}

===Preposition===
{{en-prep}}

# [[physically|Physically]] over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing. {{defdate|first attested before 1150.}}
#: {{ux|en|He always put his coat on '''above''' his sweater.}}
# In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface. {{defdate|first attested  before 1150}}
#: {{antonyms|en|below|beneath}}
#* {{RQ:King James Version|Genesis|1|20|text=And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie '''aboue''' the earth in the open firmament of heauen.}}
#* {{RQ:Churchill Celebrity|chapter=5|passage=Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt '''above''' the grimy steps, {{...}} and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2013|month=May-June|author=[http://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/william-e-conner-1 William E. Conner]
|title=[http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/3/an-acoustic-arms-race An Acoustic Arms Race]
|volume=101|issue=3|page=206–7|magazine=w:American Scientist
|passage=Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) '''above''' vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.}}
# Farther north than. {{defdate|first attested before 1150}}
#: {{ux|en|Idaho is '''above''' Utah.}}
# Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
# {{lb|en|figuratively}} Higher than; superior to in any respect; [[surpassing]]; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
#: {{co|en|to cut '''above''' average}}
#: {{ux|en|Even the chief of police is not '''above''' suspicion.}}
#: {{ux|en|He was always '''above''' reproach.}}
#: {{ux|en|I thought you said you were '''above''' these kinds of antics.}}
#: {{ux|en|That's '''above''' my comprehension.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1594|author=w:Christopher Marlowe|title=Edward II|section=act I, scene i|passage=Thy worth, sweet friend, is far '''above''' my gifts,}}
#* {{RQ:King James Version|Acts|26|13|text=At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, '''above''' the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.}}
# Higher in rank, status, or position. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
#: {{co|en|to stand head and shoulders '''above''' the rest}}
#* {{RQ:Critical Pronouncing Dictionary|page=578|ppage=1|passage=☞ This word [{{m|en|wrap}}] is often pronounced ''wrop'', rhyming with ''top'', even by ſpeakers much '''above''' the vulgar.}}
# {{lb|en|Scotland}} In addition to; [[besides]]. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
#: {{co|en|'''above''' and beyond the call of duty}}
#: {{co|en|over and '''above'''}}
# [[surpassing|Surpassing]] in number or quantity; more than. {{defdate|first attested around 1350–1470}}
#: {{ux|en|That amount is way '''above''' our asking price.}}
# In preference to.
# Too [[proud]] to stoop to; [[averse]] to; [[disinclined]] towards;
#: {{ux|en|The owner was '''above''' taking more than a token salary.}}
# Beyond; on the other side.
# {{lb|en|theater}} [[upstage|Upstage]] of.

====Usage notes====
* {{sense|surpassing in number or quantity}} passing into the [[adverbial]] sense.

====Derived terms====
{{der3|en|title=Terms derived from the preposition|above all|above average|Above Derwent|above one's bend|above the law|above the salt|over and above|Caesar's wife must be above suspicion|a notch above|above a bit|above and beyond|above board|above grass|above ground|above measure|above one's huckleberry|above one's paygrade|above one's station|above oneself|above par|above proof|above stairs|above the curve|above the fold|above the fray|above the line|above the rim|above water|above-board|above-ground|above-line|above-stairs|above-the-fold|above-water|cut above|don't get above your raising|gift from above|heavens above|height above average terrain|hit above one's weight|hold one's head above water|hook above|huckleberry above a persimmon|huckleberry above one's persimmon|keep one's head above the water|keep one's head above water|punch above|punch above one's weight|rise above|up above|above one's pay grade|abovedeck|abovedescribed|aboveground|abovelisted|abovementioned|aboveness|abovestairs|abovestated|hereabove|hereinabove|thereabove|thereinabove|whereabove|brood above|get above oneself|hell from above|lie above|put one's head above the parapet}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|over, on top of}}
* Abenaki: {{t|abe|Tasiwi}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|أَعْلَى}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|فوق|tr=fōʔ}}
*: Hijazi Arabic: {{t|acw|فوق|tr=fōg}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|отгоре}}, {{t+|bg|по-горе}}, {{t+|bg|над}}
* Central Sierra Miwok: {{t|csm|líl·e-m·yˀ}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|a-ugh dhe}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bovenop}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|ḥr|h=Hr:Z1}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|sur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yllä}}, {{t+|fi|yläpuolella}}, {{t+|fi|päällä}}
* German: {{t+|de|über}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πάνω|alt=από πάνω}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ὑπέρ}} {{q|+ accusative}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|ऊपर|alt=के ऊपर}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|[[lastuas]] [[de]]}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|над}}
* Mbyá Guaraní: {{t|gun|áry}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|over}}
* Ojibwe: {{t|oj|ishpayi'ii}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|یوقاری|tr=yukarı}}
* Pennsylvania German: {{t|pdc|owwe}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|acima}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|pata}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|peste}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t|sh|nad}}, {{t+|sh|na}}, {{t|sh|iznad}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|na}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|encima}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|över}}, {{t+|sv|ovanför}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ཐོད་ལ}}, {{t|bo|ཐོག་ལ}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|in or to a higher place}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|lart}}, {{t+|sq|mbi}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|فَوقَ}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|فوق|tr=fōʔ}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|disuprã}}, {{t|rup|prisuprã}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|над}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|над}}, {{t|bg|отгоре на}}, {{t|bg|по-високо от}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အပေါ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|damunt}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|喺…上便|tr=hai2...soeng6 bin6}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|上面|tr=zài...shàngmiàn|alt=在...上面}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|nad}}
* Danish: {{t|da|ovenover}}, {{t|da|ovenpå}}, {{t|da|oppe over}}, {{t+|da|over}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|boven}}, {{t|nl|hoger dan}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|ḥr|h=Hr:Z1}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|super}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|üles}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yllä}}, {{t+|fi|yläpuolella}}, {{t+|fi|päällä}}, {{t|fi|ylempänä}}, {{t|fi|ylemmäs}}
* French: {{t|fr|[[au-dessus]] [[de]]}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|sore}}
* German: {{t+|de|über}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πάνω}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|anlè}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מעל|tr=me`ál}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|ऊपर|alt=... के ऊपर}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|fölött}}, {{t+|hu|felett}}, {{t+|hu|fölé}}, {{t+|hu|felé}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|atas}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|os cionn}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sopra}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|上|tr=...のうえに, ... no ue ni|alt=...の上に}}
* Jeju: {{t|jje|우|alt=우-이}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|위|alt=...위-에}}, {{t+|ko|우|alt=...우-에}} {{qualifier|North Korea}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|raserî}}, {{t|kmr|li hindavî}}, {{t+|kmr|li ser}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|super}}, {{t+|la|suprā}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|virs}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|atas}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|runga}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|वरती}}
* Mbyá Guaraní: {{t|gun|áry}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|bikáaʼgi}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|over}}, {{t+|no|ovenfor}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|یوقاری|tr=yukarı}}
* Polabian: {{t|pox|boven}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|nad}}, {{t+|pl|powyżej}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|acima de}}, {{t|pt|em cima de}}, {{t+|pt|sobre}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|deasupra}}
* Romansch: {{t|rm|sura}}, {{t|rm|survart}}, {{t|rm|soura}}, {{t|rm|sesura}}, {{t|rm|süsur}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|над}} {{q|+ instrumental}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|abune}}, {{t|sco|aboon}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|над}}
*: Roman: {{t|sh|nad}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|supra}}, {{t+|scn|sùpira}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|nad}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|nad}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|górjejce}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arriba}}, {{t+|es|sobre}}, {{t|es|encima de}}, {{t+|es|suso}} {{qualifier|rare}}, {{t+|es|asuso}} {{qualifier|rare}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|över}}, {{t+|sv|ovan}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|ibabaw}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|மேலே}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|เหนือ}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|yukarıya}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|над}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|اوپر|tr=... ke ūpar|alt=... کے اوپر}}
* Venetan: {{t|vec|sovra}}, {{t+|vec|sora}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|trên}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|dizeu}}, {{t+|wa|ådzeu di}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|uwchben}}
* Yoruba: {{t|yo|lórí}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|farther north}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|شَمَالِيّ}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|喺…上便|tr=hai2…soeng6 bin6}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|上面|tr=zài...shàngmiàn|alt=在...上面}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|ten noorden van}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|pohjoisempana}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|out of reach, heightwise}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ylle}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|superior to, surpassing}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|أَعْلَى}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|вы́шэй}}, {{t|be|па-на́д}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|над}}, {{t+|bg|висш|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|nad}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|over}}, {{t+|nl|meer dan}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|super}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yläpuolella}}
* French: {{t+|fr|par-dessus}}
* German: {{t+|de|über}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|di ser re}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|super}}, {{t+|la|suprā}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|whakatamatama}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|over}}, {{t+|no|utover}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|nad}}, {{t+|pl|powyżej}}, {{t+|pl|ponad}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|acima de}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|превы́ше}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|abune}}, {{t|sco|aboon}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|nad}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|nad}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|itaas}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|üstünde}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|понад}}, {{t|uk|поза}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|ådzeu di}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|higher in rank}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|een trapje hoger}}, {{t|nl|met een hogere rang}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yläpuolella}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|nad}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|in addition to}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bovendien}}, {{t+|nl|daarenboven}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|ḥr|h=Hr:Z1}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|lisäksi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|more}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|أَكْثٰر}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|освен това}}, {{t|bg|още повече}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|over}}, {{t+|nl|meer dan}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yli}}
* French: {{t|fr|[[plus]] [[de]]}}
* German: {{t+|de|über}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מעל|tr=me`ál}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|zêdeyî}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|super}}, {{t+|la|suprā}}
* Marathi: {{t+|mr|आणखी}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|over}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ponad}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|acima de}}, {{t|pt|[[mais]] [[que]]}}, {{t|pt|[[mais]] [[de]]}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|свы́ше}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|abune}}, {{t|sco|aboon}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|nad}}, {{t+|sk|za}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|nad}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sobre}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|daha}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|pus ki}}, {{t+|wa|dipus ki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|in preference to}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|على|tr=ʕalā}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[mieluummin]] ([[kuin]])}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|pred}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|too proud or averse to}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yläpuolella}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upstage of}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|takana}}, {{t|fi|taaempana}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|beyond}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|отвъд}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|takana}}
* German: {{t+|de|über}}, {{t+|de|jenseits}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+check|af|bo}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|不屑於}}
* Interlingua: {{t+check|ia|super}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|sopra}}
* Korean: {{t-check|ko|위에}}
* Maltese: {{t-check|mt|fuq}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|वरती}}
* Telugu: {{t+check|te|పైన}} (1), {{t+check|te|మీద}} (2)
* Turkish: {{t+check|tr|üstünde}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Adverb===
{{en-adv|-}}

# Directly [[overhead]]; vertically on top of. {{defdate|first attested before 1150.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=The climate of Tibet: Pole-land
|date=2013-05-11|volume=407|issue=8835|page=80
|magazine=w:The Economist
|url=http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21577341-worlds-third-largest-area-ice-about-undergo-systematic
|passage=Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air '''above''' and the life around, it changes everything.}}
# Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. {{defdate|first attested before 1150.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Present at a Hanging and Other Ghost Stories|year=1913|author=w:Ambrose Bierce|passage=Nobody has lived in it since the summer of 1879, and it is fast going to pieces. For some three years before the date mentioned '''above''', it was occupied by the family of Charles May}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Emanuel Swedenborg|title=Heaven and Hell|chapter=19|year=1905|passage=That angels are men in the most complete form, and enjoy every sense, may be seen above (n. 73-77); and that the light in heaven is far brighter than the light in the world (n. 126-132).}}
# Into or from heaven; in the sky. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
#: {{ux|en|He’s in a better place now, floating free as the clouds '''above'''.}}
# In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
# Higher in rank, power, or position. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
#: {{ux|en|He appealed to the court '''above'''.}}
# {{lb|en|archaic}} In [[addition]]. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
# More in number. {{defdate|first attested around 1350–1470}}
# Above zero; above freezing. {{defdate|first attested in the mid 20<sup>th</sup> century.}}
#: {{ux|en|It was a cold day at only 5 '''above'''.}}
# {{lb|en|biology}} On the upper half or the [[dorsal]] surface of an animal.
#: {{ux|en|The sparrow I saw was rufous '''above''' and off-white below.}}

====Derived terms====
{{der-top|Derived terms}}
*[[above-cited]]
*[[above-described]]
*[[above-given]]
*[[above-mentioned]]
*[[above-named]]
*[[above-quoted]]
*[[above-said]]
*[[above-specified]]
*[[above-written]]
{{der-bottom}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|overhead, on top of}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|ibabaw}}
* Chickasaw: {{t|cic|aba'}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|a-vann}}
* Farefare: {{t|gur|zuum}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yllä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|en haut}}
* German: {{t+|de|oben}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἐπάνω}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|fent}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|os cionn}}, {{t|ga|lastuas}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sopra}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|suprā}}, {{t|la|insuper}}
* Lombard: {{t+|lmo|sora}}
* Manggarai: {{t|mqy|eta}}
* Mansaka: {{t|msk|taas}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|kauc}}
* Ugaritic: {{t|uga|𐎓𐎍𐎐}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|dissu}}, {{t+|wa|ådzeu}}
* Western Bukidnon Manobo: {{t|mbb|bavew}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|אויבן}}, {{t|yi|אויוון}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|earlier in order in writing}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|по-горе}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|výše}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yllä}}, {{t+|fi|edellä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|ci-dessus}}
* German: {{t+|de|früher}}, {{t+|de|vorher}}, {{t+|de|oben}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|suprā}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|powyżej}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|acima}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|вы́ше}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|vyššie}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|zgôraj}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arriba}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|ådzeu}}, {{t+|wa|divant}}, {{t|wa|cial ådzeu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|of or in the heavens or sky}}
* Chickasaw: {{t|cic|aba'}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yllä}}
* Walloon: {{t|wa|å hôt}}, {{t+|wa|ådzeu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|in a higher place}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|наве́рсе}}, {{t|be|уве́рсе}}, {{t|be|ўве́рсе}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|горе}}, {{t+|bg|отгоре}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|dalt}}
* Chamicuro: {{t|ccc|i'yijku shana}}
* Chickasaw: {{t|cic|aba'}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|výše}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|boven}}, {{t+|nl|hierboven}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ylhäällä}}, {{t+|fi|korkealla}}
* French: {{t+|fr|au-dessus}}
* German: {{t+|de|höher}}, {{t+|de|oben}}, {{t+|de|darüber}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πάνω}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|ऊपर}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|fent}}, {{t+|hu|felül}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|thuas}}, {{t|ga|os cionn}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|super}}, {{t+|la|suprā}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|bikáaʼgi}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|ovenfor}}, {{t+|no|over}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|powyżej}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|acima}}, {{t|pt|para cima}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|deasupra}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|наверху́}}, {{t+|ru|вверху́}}, {{t+|ru|вы́ше}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|hore}}, {{t|sk|vyššie}}, {{t|sk|povyše}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|zgôraj}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arriba}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|вище}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|اوپر|tr=ūpar}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|ådzeu}}, {{t+|wa|al copete}}, {{t+|wa|padzeu}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|uwchben}}, {{t|cy|uwchlaw}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|אויבן}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|higher in rank}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|по-горе}}, {{t|bg|с по-висок ранг}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|高於}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|výše}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|ylempänä}}, {{t+|fi|yläpuolella}}, {{t|fi|[[olla]] [[ylempiarvoinen]] [[kuin]]}}
* German: {{t+|de|ranghöher}}, {{t+|de|vorgesetzt}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|suprā}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|høyere}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|acima}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|ådzeu}}, {{t|wa|pus hôt}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|archaic: in addition}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ynnä}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|more}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yli}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|above freezing}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[yli]] [[nolla]]n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|on the upper half of the dorsal surface}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päältä}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+check|af|bo}}
* Interlingua: {{t-check|ia|super le par}}
* Italian: {{t-check|it|sopra par}} {{qualifier|golf}}
* Vietnamese: {{t-check|vi|trên đầu}}, {{t-check|vi|trên đỉnh đầu}}, {{t-check|vi|ở trên}}, {{t-check|vi|trên thiên đường}}, {{t-check|vi|lên trên}}, {{t-check|vi|ngược dòng}}, {{t-check|vi|lên gác}}, {{t+check|vi|trên}}, {{t+check|vi|hơn}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-}}

# Of heaven; [[heavenly]]. {{defdate|first attested around (1150 to 1350).}}
# {{lb|en|by ellipsis}} Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. {{defdate|first attested in the mid 18<sup>th</sup> century.}}

====Usage notes====
* '''Above''' is often used [[elliptical]]ly as an adjective by [[omit]]ting the word ''said'', ''mentioned'', ''quoted'', or the like:
** the '''above'''(-said) observations
** the '''above'''(-cited) reference
** the '''above'''(-quoted) articles

====Translations====
{{trans-top|heavenly}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|hemels}} {{t|nl|in de lucht}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|taivaallinen}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|上述}}
* Danish: {{t|da|ovenstående}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bovenstaand}}, {{t|nl|eerder genoemd}}, {{t+|nl|bovenvermeld}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ylempänä]] ([[oleva]])}}
* French: {{t+|fr|ci-dessus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|augšā}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|powyższy}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|predchádzajúci}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|-}}

# Heaven. {{defdate|first attested around 1150–1350}}
#* {{quote-song|en|artist=Big Pun; Fat Joe|title=Twinz|album=Capital Punishment|year=1998|text=A brother from another mother, sent from the '''above'''.}}
# Something, especially a person's name in legal documents, that appears higher on the same page or on a preceding page.
# Higher authority.
# {{lb|en|archaic}} betterment, raised status or condition.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1896|author=William Morris|title=The Well at the World's End|passage=Withal they saw of him that he had no doubt but that they should come to their '''above''' on the morrow,}}

====Usage notes====
The preposition ''above'' is often used further [[elliptical]]ly as a noun by omitting the associated noun, where it is should be clear what is omitted: e.g. ''See the '''above'''.''

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|abovesaid}}
* {{l|en|aboves'd}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|heaven}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|something mentioned previously in a document}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|гореспоменат}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|vyšší}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yllä mainittu}}, {{t+|fi|edellä mainittu}}
* Hungarian: {{t|hu|fentemlített}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|iepriekšminētais}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|вышеупомя́нутый}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|higher authority}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
* [[:Category:English phrasal verbs formed with "above"]]

===References===
<references/>
* Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The vertical axis", in ''The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
* {{R:RHCD|page=4}}
* {{R:CDOE|page=4}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
* {{R:DSL|pos=prep}}

{{cln|en|locatives}}