गृह

See also: गेहूँ and गोह

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás

Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)lbor.

Hindi गृह (gŕh)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृह (gṛha). Doublet of घर (ghar).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiːɦ/, [ɡɾiːʱ], /ɡɾɪ.ɦᵊ/

Noun

गृह • (gŕh) m (Urdu spelling گرہ)

1. house, dwelling, habitation

   Synonyms: घर (ghar), मकान (makān), भवन (bhavan)

Declension

Declension of गृह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गृह gŕh	गृह gŕh
oblique	गृह gŕh	गृहों gŕhõ
vocative	गृह gŕh	गृहो gŕho

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “गृह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 160.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गृह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 274

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গৃহ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬺᬳ (Balinese script)
• গৃহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰴𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀾𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• ဂၖဟ (Burmese script)
• ગૃહ (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍃𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦽꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑃂𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೃಹ (Kannada script)
• គ្ឫហ (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣິຫ (Lao script)
• ഗൃഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᡳᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘵𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠢᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧖𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐺𑐴 (Newa script)
• ଗୃହ (Odia script)
• ꢔꢺꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆸𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖴𑖮 (Siddham script)
• ගෘහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩙𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚩 (Takri script)
• க்³ரிஹ (Tamil script)
• గృహ (Telugu script)
• คฺฤห (Thai script)
• གྲྀ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒵𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás

Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “city”), English yard.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩.ɦɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡr̩.ɦɐ/

Noun

गृह • (gṛhá) stem, m or n

1. a house, habitation, home, dwelling
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.49.1:

     उषो॑ भ॒द्रेभि॒रा ग॑हि दि॒वश्चि॑द्रोच॒नादधि॑ ।
     वह॑न्त्वरु॒णप्स॑व॒ उप॑ त्वा सो॒मिनो॑ गृ॒हम् ॥

     úṣo bhadrébhirā́ gahi diváścidrocanā́dádhi.
     váhantvaruṇápsava úpa tvā somíno gṛhám.

     Uṣas, come by auspicious way from the bright firmament; let the purple kine bring you to the dwelling of the offer of Soma.

2. assistant, servant
3. the inhabitants of a house, family
   1. wife; householder
4. (at the end of a compound, with names of gods) a temple

   चण्डिकागृह ― caṇḍikāgṛha ― a temple of Durgā

   देवतागृह ― devatāgṛha ― temple, chapel

5. (at the end of a compound, with name of plants) a bower

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृह (gṛhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृहः gṛháḥ	गृहौ / गृहा¹ gṛhaú / gṛhā́¹	गृहाः / गृहासः¹ gṛhā́ḥ / gṛhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	गृह gṛ́ha	गृहौ / गृहा¹ gṛ́hau / gṛ́hā¹	गृहाः / गृहासः¹ gṛ́hāḥ / gṛ́hāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहौ / गृहा¹ gṛhaú / gṛhā́¹	गृहान् gṛhā́n
Instrumental	गृहेण gṛhéṇa	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहैः / गृहेभिः¹ gṛhaíḥ / gṛhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गृहाय gṛhā́ya	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गृहात् gṛhā́t	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गृहस्य gṛhásya	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहाणाम् gṛhā́ṇām
Locative	गृहे gṛhé	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहेषु gṛhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic In later Sanskrit only the plural forms of the masculine were used.

Neuter a-stem declension of गृह (gṛhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Vocative	गृह gṛ́ha	गृहे gṛ́he	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛ́hāṇi / gṛ́hā¹
Accusative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Instrumental	गृहेण gṛhéṇa	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहैः / गृहेभिः¹ gṛhaíḥ / gṛhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गृहाय gṛhā́ya	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गृहात् gṛhā́t	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गृहस्य gṛhásya	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहाणाम् gṛhā́ṇām
Locative	गृहे gṛhé	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहेषु gṛhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic Used only in the sense "house".

Noun

गृह • (gṛhá) stem, n

1. wife
2. zodiac sign
3. an astrological mansion
4. name of the 4th astrological mansion
5. (chess) square

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of गृह (gṛhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Vocative	गृह gṛ́ha	गृहे gṛ́he	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛ́hāṇi / gṛ́hā¹
Accusative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Instrumental	गृहेण gṛhéṇa	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहैः / गृहेभिः¹ gṛhaíḥ / gṛhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गृहाय gṛhā́ya	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गृहात् gṛhā́t	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गृहस्य gṛhásya	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहाणाम् gṛhā́ṇām
Locative	गृहे gṛhé	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहेषु gṛhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• गेह (geha)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)
• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: گَرٕ (garụ), गरॖ (garụ)
• Pali: gaha, ghara
  • → Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)
• → Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)
• → Hindustani: (learned)

  Hindi: गृह (gŕh)

• → Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)
• → Malay: gerha (learned)
  • Indonesian: gerha
• → Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ), കിരിയം (kiriyaṁ) (learned)
• → Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)
• → Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)
  • Javanese: graha, griya
    • → Indonesian: gerha, graha, greha, griya
• → Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)
  • Javanese: ꦒꦂꦮ (garwa, “wife”)
    • → Indonesian: garwa
    • → Sundanese: ᮌᮁᮝ (garwa)
• → Old Khmer: graha (learned)
  • Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)
• → Odia: ଗୃହ (gruha) (learned)
• → Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)
• → Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)
• → Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गृह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0361/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 495