स

See also: म, स़, से, सु-, and स-

स U+0938, स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA ← ष [U+0937] Devanagari ह → [U+0939]

Translingual

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə/ (may vary by language)

Letter

स (sa)

1. the third sibilant of the Devanagari script

Usage notes

• Linguistically it is considered an alveolar sibilant.

See also

Ligatures:

• स्त्र (stra): स + त + र

Dhivehi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [s̺ə]

Letter

स • (sa)

1. The seventeenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sə/, [sɐ]

Letter

स • (sa)

1. the thirty-second consonant in Hindi
2. (music) the first note of the Hindi musical scale

See also

• (Devanagari script letters) अ,‎ आ,‎ इ,‎ ई,‎ उ,‎ ऊ,‎ ऋ,‎ ए,‎ ऐ,‎ ओ,‎ औ,‎ अं,‎ अः,‎ अँ,‎ क,‎ ख,‎ ग,‎ घ,‎ ङ,‎ च,‎ छ,‎ ज,‎ झ,‎ ञ,‎ ट,‎ ठ,‎ ड,‎ ढ,‎ ण,‎ त,‎ थ,‎ द,‎ ध,‎ न,‎ प,‎ फ,‎ ब,‎ भ,‎ म,‎ य,‎ र,‎ ल,‎ व,‎ श,‎ ष,‎ स,‎ ह,‎ त्र,‎ ज्ञ,‎ क्ष,‎ क़,‎ ख़,‎ ग़,‎ ज़,‎ झ़,‎ ड़,‎ ढ़,‎ फ़ ^{(Category: Hindi letters) [edit]}

Konkani

Alternative forms

• सो (so)

Etymology

From Sanskrit षष् (ṣáṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs (“six”). Cognate with Hindi छह (chah), Marathi सहा (sahā).

Numeral

स • (sa/so) (Latin script sov, Kannada script ಸ)

1. six

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

स • (sa)

1. The thirty-first consonant in Marathi.

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: स

Letter

स • (sa)

1. The thirty-second consonant in Nepali.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• sa (Latin script)
• 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• স (Bengali script)
• ස (Sinhalese script)
• သ (Burmese script)
• ส or สะ (Thai script)
• ᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ສ or ສະ (Lao script)
• ស (Khmer script)
• 𑄥 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• sa (Latin script)
• 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• স (Bengali script)
• ස (Sinhalese script)
• သ (Burmese script)
• ส or สะ (Thai script)
• ᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ສ or ສະ (Lao script)
• ស (Khmer script)
• 𑄥 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

स (sa)

1. Devanagari script form of sa

Adjective

स (sa)

1. Devanagari script form of sa, which is masculine nominative singular of त (ta, “that”)

Noun

स (sa)

1. Devanagari script form of sa, which is vocative singular of सन् (san, “dog”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স (Assamese script)
• ᬲ (Balinese script)
• স (Bengali script)
• 𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• သ (Burmese script)
• સ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ (Kannada script)
• ស (Khmer script)
• ສ (Lao script)
• സ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳 (Newa script)
• ସ (Odia script)
• ꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭 (Siddham script)
• ස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨 (Takri script)
• ஸ (Tamil script)
• స (Telugu script)
• ส (Thai script)
• ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ/, /sɐ́/

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐ/

Etymology 1

Letter

स • (sa)

1. the thirty-second consonant in Sanskrit

   Synonym: सकार (sakāra)

2. the last of the three sibilants

See also

(Devanagari script letters) अ,‎ आ,‎ इ,‎ ई,‎ उ,‎ ऊ,‎ ऋ,‎ ॠ,‎ ऌ,‎ ॡ,‎ ए,‎ ऐ,‎ ओ,‎ औ,‎ अं,‎ अः,‎ अँ,‎ ऽ,‎ क,‎ ख,‎ ग,‎ घ,‎ ङ,‎ च,‎ छ,‎ ज,‎ झ,‎ ञ,‎ ट,‎ ठ,‎ ड,‎ ढ,‎ ण,‎ त,‎ थ,‎ द,‎ ध,‎ न,‎ प,‎ फ,‎ ब,‎ भ,‎ म,‎ य,‎ र,‎ ल,‎ व,‎ श,‎ ष,‎ स,‎ ह,‎ ळ,‎ त्र,‎ ज्ञ,‎ क्ष ^{(Category: Sanskrit letters) [edit]}

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, from Proto-Indo-European *só. See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

स • (sá) m

1. masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); he, it, that

Determiner

स • (sá) m

1. masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); that one

Etymology 3

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”), from the root *sem-.

Prefix

स • (sa)

2. an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"
3. when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"

   सकोप (sa-kopa) — full of anger, enraged, displeased

   साग्नि (sā*gni) — together with the fire

   सभार्य (sa-bhārya) — with a wife, having a wife

   सद्रोण (sa-droṇa) — with a droṇa added to a droṇa

   सधर्मन् (sa-dharman) — having the same duties

   सवर्ण (sa-varṇa) — having the same colour or appearance, similar, like

4. "-ly"

   सकोपम् (sa-kopam) — angrily

   सोपधि (so*padhi) — fraudulently

Derived terms

• Sanskrit terms prefixed with स-

Etymology 4

Noun

स • (sá) stem, ?

1. (prosody) an anapest

Etymology 5

Noun

स • (sá) stem, ?

1. (music) Abbreviation of षड्ज (ṣaḍ-ja).

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

स • (sá) stem, m

1. a snake
2. air, wind
3. a bird
4. name of Vishnu or Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स (sá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सः sáḥ	सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹	साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹
Vocative	स sá	सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹	साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹
Accusative	सम् sám	सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹	सान् sā́n
Instrumental	सेन séna	साभ्याम् sā́bhyām	सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹
Dative	साय sā́ya	साभ्याम् sā́bhyām	सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ
Ablative	सात् sā́t	साभ्याम् sā́bhyām	सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ
Genitive	सस्य sásya	सयोः sáyoḥ	सानाम् sā́nām
Locative	से sé	सयोः sáyoḥ	सेषु séṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

स • (sa) stem, n

1. knowledge
2. meditation
3. a carriage road
4. a fence

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of स (sá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सम् sám	से sé	सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹
Vocative	स sá	से sé	सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹
Accusative	सम् sám	से sé	सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹
Instrumental	सेन séna	साभ्याम् sā́bhyām	सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹
Dative	साय sā́ya	साभ्याम् sā́bhyām	सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ
Ablative	सात् sā́t	साभ्याम् sā́bhyām	सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ
Genitive	सस्य sásya	सयोः sáyoḥ	सानाम् sā́nām
Locative	से sé	सयोः sáyoḥ	सेषु séṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 7

From the root सन् (san, “to procure, bestow, give, distribute”).

Adjective

स • (sá) stem (root सन्)

1. (at the end of a compound) procuring, bestowing

   पशुष (paśu-ṣá) — bestowing cattle

   प्रियस (priyá-sá) — granting desired objects

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1111.