ἐλαφρός

See also: ελαφρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *eləpʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ln̥gʷʰrós (“lightweight”). See also ἐλαχύς (elakhús).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.la.pʰrós/ → /e.laˈɸros/ → /e.laˈfros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.la.pʰrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.laˈpʰros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.laˈɸros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.laˈfros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.laˈfros/

Adjective

ἐλαφρός • (elaphrós) m (feminine ἐλᾰφρᾱ́, neuter ἐλᾰφρόν); first/second declension

1. light, unheavy

   Antonym: βαρύς (barús)

Inflection

First and second declension of ἐλᾰφρός; ἐλᾰφρᾱ́; ἐλᾰφρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἐλᾰφρός elaphrós	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elaphrā́	ἐλᾰφρόν elaphrón		ἐλᾰφρώ elaphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elaphrā́	ἐλᾰφρώ elaphrṓ		ἐλᾰφροί elaphroí	ἐλᾰφραί elaphraí	ἐλᾰφρᾰ́ elaphrá
Genitive		ἐλᾰφροῦ elaphroû	ἐλᾰφρᾶς elaphrâs	ἐλᾰφροῦ elaphroû		ἐλᾰφροῖν elaphroîn	ἐλᾰφραῖν elaphraîn	ἐλᾰφροῖν elaphroîn		ἐλᾰφρῶν elaphrôn	ἐλᾰφρῶν elaphrôn	ἐλᾰφρῶν elaphrôn
Dative		ἐλᾰφρῷ elaphrôi	ἐλᾰφρᾷ elaphrâi	ἐλᾰφρῷ elaphrôi		ἐλᾰφροῖν elaphroîn	ἐλᾰφραῖν elaphraîn	ἐλᾰφροῖν elaphroîn		ἐλᾰφροῖς elaphroîs	ἐλᾰφραῖς elaphraîs	ἐλᾰφροῖς elaphroîs
Accusative		ἐλᾰφρόν elaphrón	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ν elaphrā́n	ἐλᾰφρόν elaphrón		ἐλᾰφρώ elaphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elaphrā́	ἐλᾰφρώ elaphrṓ		ἐλᾰφρούς elaphroús	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ς elaphrā́s	ἐλᾰφρᾰ́ elaphrá
Vocative		ἐλᾰφρέ elaphré	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elaphrā́	ἐλᾰφρόν elaphrón		ἐλᾰφρώ elaphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elaphrā́	ἐλᾰφρώ elaphrṓ		ἐλᾰφροί elaphroí	ἐλᾰφραί elaphraí	ἐλᾰφρᾰ́ elaphrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἐλᾰφρῶς elaphrôs				ἐλᾰφρότερος elaphróteros				ἐλᾰφρότᾰτος elaphrótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἐλαφρότης (elaphrótēs)

Descendants

• Greek: ελαφρός (elafrós)
• Pontic Greek: ελαφρός (elafrós), 'λαφρός ('lafrós) — Kerasounta, Kotyora, Oinoe, Trapezounta, Chaldia, 'λαφρύς ('lafrýs) — Kotyora, αλαφρός (alafrós) — Oinoe, Trapezounta
  • → Laz: ლაჶრონი (lafroni), ელაჶრონი (elafroni) — Arkabi, Firtina Valley
• → Translingual: Elaphrus

Further reading

• “ἐλαφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἐλαφρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐλαφρός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)