なる
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Japanese
[edit]Alternative spellings |
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成る 為る |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「なる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
なる | なる | [náꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | なれ | なれ | [náꜜrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | なられる | なられる | [nàráréꜜrù] |
Causative | ならせる | ならせる | [nàráséꜜrù] |
Potential | なれる | なれる | [nàréꜜrù] |
Volitional | なろう | なろー | [nàróꜜò] |
Negative | ならない | ならない | [nàráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | ならなかった | ならなかった | [nàráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | なります | なります | [nàrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | なった | なった | [náꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | なって | なって | [náꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | なれば | なれば | [náꜜrèbà] |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *naru. Related to 生る (naru).
Verb
[edit]なる • (naru) intransitive godan (stem なり (nari), past なった (natta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | なす |
mediopassive | なる |
- to be achieved; to be completed
- ついに五連覇がなる
- tsui ni go renpa ga naru
- Finally they are winning their fifth consecutive championship.
- 念願なって一人立ちする
- nengan natte hitoridachi suru
- He realized his wish to live his own life.
- メンタルがなってない
- mentaru ga nattenai
- not mentally resilient enough
- その後はどうなったんですか?
- Sonoato wa dō natta n desu ka?
- What happened afterwards?
- (literally, “After that, what was achieved?”)
- ついに五連覇がなる
- to become; to change into; to turn
- 氷が水になる
- kōri ga mizu ni naru
- The ice becomes water.
- 血となり肉となる
- chi to nari niku to naru
- It becomes blood and flesh.
- 私は教師になります。
- Watashi wa kyōshi ni narimasu.
- I will become a teacher.
- コーヒーが冷たくなりました。
- Kōhī ga tsumetaku narimashita.
- The coffee got cold.
- 氷が水になる
- (impersonal) to reach a time; to get to a timepoint
- 八時になった
- hachiji ni natta
- It has reached eight o'clock.
- 八時になった
- to reach an amount/quantity
- 積み上げると三メートルにもなる
- tsumiageru to san mētoru ni mo naru
- It can pile up to 3 metres high.
- 全部で千円になる
- zenbu de sen'en ni naru
- One thousand yen in total.
- 積み上げると三メートルにもなる
- (with negative) to be acceptable; to be tolerable
- 負けてなるものか
- makete naru mono ka
- Failure is not an option.
- 勘弁ならない
- kanben naranai
- It is unforgivable.
- 負けてなるものか
- (in some set phrases) to be made; to be produced; to be created
- 名工の手になる茶碗
- meikō no te ni naru chawan
- a teacup manufactured by a famous craftsman
- 空海の筆になる書
- Kūkai no fude ni naru sho
- calligraphy by Kūkai
- 名工の手になる茶碗
- (shogi) to promote
- (honorific) In the form of "御/御 + verbal noun + になる", an honorific form of the verb.
Usage notes
[edit]- This term is often spelled in hiragana.
- Sense "to become":
- When a noun or an adjectival noun (na-adjective) precedes なる it is followed by に.
- 車になる ― kuruma ni naru ― become a car
- 綺麗になる ― kirei ni naru ― become beautiful
- When an adjective (i-adjective) precedes なる it appears in its -く form.
- 優しくなる ― yasashiku naru ― become kind
- The causative is suppleted by する (suru).
- 部屋がきれいになる ― heya ga kirei ni naru ― The room becomes tidy.
- 私が部屋をきれいにする ― watashi ga heya o kirei ni suru ― I make the room tidy.
- When a noun or an adjectival noun (na-adjective) precedes なる it is followed by に.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "なる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | なら | nara | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | なり | nari | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | なる | naru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | なる | naru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | なれ | nare | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | なれ | nare | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | なられる | narareru | |
Causative | ならせる ならす |
naraseru narasu | |
Potential | なれる | nareru | |
Volitional | なろう | narō | |
Negative | ならない | naranai | |
Negative continuative | ならず | narazu | |
Formal | なります | narimasu | |
Perfective | なった | natta | |
Conjunctive | なって | natte | |
Hypothetical conditional | なれば | nareba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | なら | nara | |
Continuative (連用形) | なり | nari | |
Terminal (終止形) | なる | naru | |
Attributive (連体形) | なる | naru | |
Realis (已然形) | なれ | nare | |
Imperative (命令形) | なれ | nare | |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | ならず | narazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | なれど | naredo | |
Causal conjunction | なれば | nareba | |
Conditional conjunction | ならば | naraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | なりき | nariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | なりけり | narikeri | |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | なりつ | naritu | |
Perfect tense (natural event) | なりぬ | narinu | |
Perfect-continuative tense | なれり なりたり |
nareri naritari | |
Volitional | ならむ | naramu |
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]- adnominal of なり (nari, “to be”)
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of なる – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, なる (naru), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as なる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as なる.) |
References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese hiragana
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese impersonal verbs
- ja:Shogi
- Japanese honorific terms
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese verb forms