邇

See also: 迩

邇 U+9087, 邇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9087 ← 邆 [U+9086] CJK Unified Ideographs 邈 → [U+9088]

Translingual

Japanese	迩
Simplified	迩
Traditional	邇

Han character

邇 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜一火月 (YMFB), four-corner 3130₂, composition ⿺辶爾)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1267, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39193
• Dae Jaweon: page 1765, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3891, character 11
• Unihan data for U+9087

Chinese

trad.		邇
simp.		迩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嬭	*rneːlʔ, *niːlʔ
禰	*niːlʔ
镾	*niːlʔ, *mnel
薾	*niːlʔ
檷	*niːlʔ
鑈	*niːlʔ, *neːb
瀰	*niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ
獼	*mnel
瓕	*mnel
彌	*mnel
鸍	*mnel, *hnjel
擟	*mnel
濔	*mnelʔ
壐	*smlelʔ
璽	*smlelʔ
爾	*njelʔ
邇	*njelʔ
獮	*smlenʔ
籋	*neb, *neːb

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (“near”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཉེ་བ (nye ba, “near”), Mizo hnai (“near”), Jingpho ni (ni³¹, “near”), Burmese နီး (ni:, “bear near; be close”), 暱 (OC *niɡ, “intimate; close”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ěr (er³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ní / jíⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): re² / ru² / ni²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
    • Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
    • Wade–Giles: êrh³
    • Yale: ěr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
    • Palladius: эр (er)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ji⁵
    • Yale: yíh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
    • Tâi-lô: ní
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jíⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: jínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jvie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zĩ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: re² / ru² / ni²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ́ / jú / ní
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zɯ⁵²/, /d͡zu⁵²/, /ni⁵²/

Note: ru2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

---

• Middle Chinese: nyeX

Rime
Character	邇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	兒氏切
Baxter	nyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiə̆X/
Li Rong	/ȵieX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑǐeX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ěr
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə][r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njelʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ěr
Middle Chinese	‹ nyeX ›
Old Chinese	/*n[ə][r]ʔ/
English	near
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	邇
Reading #	1/1
No.	2818
Phonetic component	爾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	爾
Old Chinese	/*njelʔ/

Definitions

邇 (literary)

1. near; close

   • 文王視民如傷，望道而未之見。武王不泄邇，不忘遠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     文王视民如伤，望道而未之见。武王不泄迩，不忘远。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Wénwáng shì mín rú shāng, wàng dào ér wèi zhī jiàn. Wǔwáng bù xiè ěr, bù wàng yuǎn. [Pinyin]

     King Wen saw the people as if they were wounded [and in need of help], and gazed at the Way as if he could not see it yet. King Wu did not take liberties with the near, nor did he forget the distant.

2. to approach; to come close to
3. shallow; easy to understand

   • 舜好問而好察邇言，隱惡而揚善，執其兩端，用其中於民，其斯以為舜乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     舜好问而好察迩言，隐恶而扬善，执其两端，用其中于民，其斯以为舜乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Shùn hǎo wèn ér hǎo chá ěr yán, yǐn è ér yáng shàn, zhí qí liǎng duān, yòng qí zhōng yú mín, qí sī yǐwèi shùn hū! [Pinyin]

     Shun loved to inquire about things, and to investigate [even] shallow words. He concealed the bad [things in their words] and displayed the good. He took hold of their two extremes and used their mean for the people. This was what made Shun Shun!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 近 (“near; close”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		近, 邇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		近
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	近
	Taiwan	近
	Singapore	近
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	近
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	近
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	近
	Wuhan	近
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	近
	Hefei	近
Cantonese	Guangzhou	近
	Hong Kong	近
	Yangjiang	近
	Singapore (Guangfu)	近
Gan	Nanchang	近
Hakka	Meixian	近
Jin	Taiyuan	近
Northern Min	Jian'ou	近
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	近
Southern Min	Xiamen	近
	Singapore (Hokkien)	近
	Chaozhou	近
	Singapore (Teochew)	近
Wu	Suzhou	近
	Wenzhou	近
Xiang	Changsha	近
	Shuangfeng	近

Compounds

• 不可向邇／不可向迩 (bùkěxiàng'ěr)
• 名傳遐邇／名传遐迩
• 名聞遐邇／名闻遐迩
• 室邇人遐／室迩人遐
• 室邇人遠／室迩人远
• 密邇／密迩
• 柔遠能邇／柔远能迩
• 聞名遐邇／闻名遐迩 (wénmíngxiá'ěr)
• 行遠自邇／行远自迩
• 遐邇／遐迩 (xiá'ěr)
• 遐邇一體／遐迩一体
• 遐邇聞名／遐迩闻名 (xiá'ěrwénmíng)
• 遐邇著聞／遐迩著闻
• 邇來／迩来 (ěrlái)
• 邇言／迩言

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “迩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	迩
Kyūjitai	邇

Kanji

邇

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 迩)

1. approach
2. near, close

Readings

• Go-on: に (ni)
• Kan-on: じ (ji)
• Kun: ちかい (chikai, 邇い)
• Nanori: ちか (chika)

Compounds

Compounds

• 邇芸(にぎ)速(はや)日(ひの)命(みこと) (Nigihayahi no mikoto)
• 邇邇(にに)芸(ぎの)命(みこと) (Ninigi no mikoto)
• 邇言(じげん) (jigen)
• 伊邇(いに)色神社(しきじんじゃ) (Inishiki Jinja)
• 遠邇(えんじ) (enji)
• 波邇夜須毘(はにやすび)古(この)神(かみ) (Haniyasubiko no kami)
• 和邇(わに) (Wani)
• 遠(とお)きに行(ゆ)くは必(かなら)ず邇(ちか)きよりす (tōki ni yuku wa kanarazu chikaki yori su)

Korean

Hanja

邇 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

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