𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫

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Pali

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 n

  1. Brahmi script form of kamma (action)

Declension

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Prakrit

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀁𑀫 (kaṃma) (Kalsi, Dhauli, Jaugada), from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (kárman). Cognate with Pali kamma.

    Noun

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    𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamman (Devanagari कम्म, Gujarati કમ્મ, Kannada ಕಮ್ಮ) (Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

    1. work, labour
      • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 14:
        𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀅 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀲-𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫-𑀮𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑀲𑀺𑀫𑀇𑀮𑀺𑀏𑀡 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑁇
        𑀙𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 𑀫𑀼𑀳𑀁 𑀳𑀲𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀸𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 𑀕𑀅𑀁 𑀧𑀇𑀡𑀸𑁈
        ghariṇīa mahāṇasa-kamma-laggamasimaïlieṇa hattheṇa.
        chittaṃ muhaṃ hasijjaï caṃdāvatthaṃ gaaṃ païṇā.
        • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
          The husband laughed at his wife’s face, which, smudged with soot
          that stuck to her hand from kitchen work, looked more than ever like the moon.
    2. act, action, deed
      • c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 1212:
        [] 𑀫𑀬𑀡𑁂 𑀫𑀬𑀡-𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀧𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸
        𑀢𑀸 𑀅-𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀫𑀸 𑀫𑀏𑀲𑀼 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 𑀅𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁𑀫𑀺
        [] mayaṇe mayaṇa-ujjuttā vajjā ajjāvi saṃpayaṃ vajjā
        tā a-maṇassa kammassa mā maesu tumaṃ akhuṭṭaṃmi
        • 1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
          [] Madanā, absorbed by passion, Vajrā is now to be avoided;
          so therefore do not die at an unfitting time because of an insensate act’.

    Declension

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    Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (neuter)
    singular plural
    Nominative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (kammāi)
    Accusative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (kammāi)
    Instrumental 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (kammeṇa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kammeṇaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kammehi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kammehiṃ)
    Dative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (kammāa)
    Ablative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (kammāo) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (kammāu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kammāhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammāhiṃto)
    Genitive 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kammassa) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (kammāṇa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kammāṇaṃ)
    Locative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kammammi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (kamme) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kammesu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kammesuṃ)
    Vocative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (kammāi)
    Magadhi declension of 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (neuter)
    singular plural
    Nominative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ)
    Accusative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ)
    Instrumental 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (kammeṇa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kammeṇaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kammehi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kammehiṃ)
    Dative
    Ablative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kammādo) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kammatto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kammādu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kammāhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kammā) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammaśuṃto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kammāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kammāhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kammatto) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kammādo) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kammādu)
    Genitive 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀰 (kammaśśa) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳 (kammāha) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kammāṇaṃ) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀁 (kammāhaṃ)
    Locative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (kamme) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kammamhi) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kammammi) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀰𑀼 (kammeśu) or 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (kammeśuṃ)
    Vocative 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (kammaṃ) 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kammāiṃ)

    Descendants

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    References

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    • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “कम्म”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 225.
    • E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 135
    • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 288
    • The template Template:R:pra:Woolner does not use the parameter(s):
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      Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 104, 152, 166.
    • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 147