Appendix:Uzbek verbs
This page explains a summary of Uzbek verb conjugations.
Tenses
[edit]Conjugation of Uzbek verbs is a mix of agglutination and analyticism; there are some tenses that use auxiliary verbs.
| Tenses/moods | Suffix |
|---|---|
| Present-future | -a/y |
| Present continuous | -yap |
| -ayotir/yotir | |
| -moqda | |
| Present perfect | -gan/-qan/-kan |
| Past | -di |
| Story past | -ib/-b |
| Indefinite future | -ar/-r |
| Definite future | -ajak/-ayajak |
| Intentional | -moqchi |
| Conditional | -sa |
| Imperative | various suffixes |
There are three distinct present continuous suffixes, the first two of which are cognates with Turkish yapmak and yatmak (+ relic simple present suffix *-ir), while the last one is cognate to the Turkish progressive suffix -mekte (see also: § Compound tenses). The present continuous suffixes also have distinct functions; -yap is to mark actions that occur at the time of speech, -moqda for actions that occur at or near the moment of speech, and -yotir for actions that have started but not yet ended (rarely used in speech).[1]
The definite future is actually rarely used but is implied to exist by the Özbekçe/Dilbilgisi page on Turkish Wikibooks.
The present perfect suffix -gan changes to -qan when the stem ends in -q and -gʻ and -kan when the stem ends in -k and -g.
| Tenses | 1st singular | 2nd singular | 3rd singular | 1st plural | 2nd plural | 3rd plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | -man | -san | -∅1 | -miz | -siz | -lar |
| Past and conditional | -m | -ng | -∅ | -k | -ngiz | -lar |
| Imperative | -ay/y | -∅ | -sin | -aylik/ylik | -ngiz | -sinlar |
| 1 In the present-future, present continuous I and story past tenses, the third-person singular ending is replaced by -di. | ||||||
The third-person plural is often replaced by the third-person singular, thus the plurality of the third persons is by context.
Negation
[edit]Negation of Uzbek tenses is by the suffix -ma, placed after the stem and before the tense/mood suffix. However, the negative form of the indefinite future is -mas (a devoicing of earlier *-maz, from Proto-Turkic *-meŕ, which also serves as the negative aorist in Turkish (-mez) and indefinite future in Azerbaijani (-məz)) instead of *-mar, and the intentional mood is by using the third-person singular form + emas with the general personal suffixes, from the defective verb *emoq. There are two more ways to form the negative of the present perfect, with emas (kelgan emasman) or with yoʻq (kelganman yoʻq).
Interrogatives
[edit]To form interrogatives, the suffix -mi is used. However, in the present perfect, the suffix -mi is used before -san and -siz (kelganmi, kelganmisan, but kelganmanmi). This rule is also applied to predicatives, which are based on the general personal suffixes plus -dir in the third-person singular.
Compound tenses
[edit]- Continuous past: formed from the indefinite future forms (-ar/-r) with edi (past tense of *emoq) (kelar edim).
- Past perfect: formed from the present perfect forms (-gan) with edi (kelgan edim).
- Intentional past: formed from the intentional forms (-moqchi) with edi (kelmoqchi edi).
- Necessitative: formed from the verb stem + -ish + the possessive suffixes (-im, -ing, -i, -imiz, -ingiz) with kerak (kelishim kerak). The negative necessitative is formed with emas (the negative indefinite future of *emoq).
Templates
[edit]{{uz-verb-conj}}
References
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