Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɔː.kɑz/

Noun

*hōkaz m

1. hook

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hōkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hōkaz	*hōkōz, *hōkōs
vocative	*hōk	*hōkōz, *hōkōs
accusative	*hōką	*hōkanz
genitive	*hōkas, *hōkis	*hōkǫ̂
dative	*hōkai	*hōkamaz
instrumental	*hōkō	*hōkamiz

Related terms

• *hakô
• *hēkô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hōk
  • Old English: hōc
    • Middle English: hoc, hok, hoke, hooke
      • Scots: huke, huik, hewk
      • English: hook
  • Old Frisian: hōk
    • Saterland Frisian: Houk; (Hoake)
    • West Frisian: hoeke, hoek
  • Old Saxon: hōk
    • Middle Low German: hôk, hûk
      • German Low German: Hook
      • Low German: Huk
      • → German: Hook
  • Frankish: *hōk
    • Old Dutch: *hōc, huc (in placenames)
      • Middle Dutch: hoec, houc
        • Dutch: hoek
          • → Danish: huk
          • → Swedish: huk
    • → Old French: hoc (also possibly from Old Norse)
      • Middle French: hoquet
        • French: hoquet
        • → English: hockey (possibly)
• ⇒ Old Norse: hœkja
  • Icelandic: hækja
  • Faroese: høkja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: høkje
  • Norn: hek
  • → Scots: heck; heckle
• → Proto-Finnic: *kookka
  • Estonian: kook
  • Finnish: kuokka
    • → Northern Sami: guohkki
  • Ingrian: kookka
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: kuokka
    • South Karelian: kuokka
  • Livonian: kūok
  • Livvi: kuokku
  • Ludian: kuok
  • Veps: kok
  • Võro: kuuk
  • Votic: kookkõ