Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptēiw-, *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Cognate with Latin spuō (“spit”, verb), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “spit, vomit”), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Old Church Slavonic пльвати (plĭvati), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspiː.wɑ.nɑ̃/

Noun

*spīwaną

1. to spew, to spit

Inflection

Conjugation of *spīwaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spīwō	*spīwaų	—	*spīwai	?
2nd singular	*spīwizi	*spīwaiz	*spīw	*spīwazai	*spīwaizau
3rd singular	*spīwidi	*spīwai	*spīwadau	*spīwadai	*spīwaidau
1st dual	*spīwōz	*spīwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spīwadiz	*spīwaidiz	*spīwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*spīwamaz	*spīwaim	—	*spīwandai	*spīwaindau
2nd plural	*spīwid	*spīwaid	*spīwid	*spīwandai	*spīwaindau
3rd plural	*spīwandi	*spīwain	*spīwandau	*spīwandai	*spīwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spaiw	*spiwį̄
2nd singular	*spaiwt	*spiwīz
3rd singular	*spaiw	*spiwī
1st dual	*spiwū	*spiwīw
2nd dual	*spiwudiz	*spiwīdiz
1st plural	*spiwum	*spiwīm
2nd plural	*spiwud	*spiwīd
3rd plural	*spiwun	*spiwīn
	present	past
participles	*spīwandz	*spiwanaz

Derived terms

• *spīwatjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spīwan
  • Old English: spīwan
    • Middle English: spewen, speouwen, spew, spewe, spiewen, spiwan, spue, spuen, spuwe
      • English: spew
      • Scots: spew
  • Old Frisian: spīa
    • Saterland Frisian: späie
    • West Frisian: spije
  • Old Saxon: spīwan
    • Middle Low German: spîgen, spîen, spiggen
      • Low German: spiien, speen
      • Plautdietsch: spieen
  • Old Dutch: *spīwan
    • Middle Dutch: spuwen
      • Dutch: spuwen, spouwen, spuien, spugen
        • Afrikaans: spu, spuug, spoeg
      • Limburgish: spieje
  • Old High German: spīwan
    • Middle High German: spīen
      • Alemannic German: spiiwe
      • German: speien
      • Yiddish: שפּײַען (shpayen)
• Old Norse: spýja, *spía
  • Icelandic: spýja
  • Faroese: spýggja
  • Norwegian: spy
  • Old Swedish: spȳia
    • Swedish: spy
  • Old Danish: spȳ, spī
    • Danish: spy, spi
  • Elfdalian: spaja
  • Gutnish: spöi
  • Scanian: spý, spí
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (speiwan)