Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*lewk-

1. bright
2. to shine
3. to see

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk- (59 c, 0 e)

• *luk-tó ~ *luk-ró (deponent root aorist)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri)
• *léwk-e-tor (deponent)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčatay
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráwćatay
      • Sanskrit: रोचते (rócate)
    • Proto-Iranian: *ráwčatay
      • Central Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙- (raocant-, “shining”)
        • Northern Luri: لٛںکر (łəker, “The white woman”)
• *léwk-ye-ti
  • Proto-Hellenic: *leúťťō
    • Ancient Greek: λεύσσω (leússō, “to look upon, I look upon”)
• *luk-yé-ti (yé-present)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi)
• *lowk-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei
    • Proto-Slavic: *lučìti (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati, *rawčáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati, *rawćáyati
      • Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati), रोचयति (rocáyati, “to make shine, illuminate”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati
      • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)
  • Proto-Italic: *loukeō (see there for further descendants)
• *lewk-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)
  • Proto-Italic: *loukēō (see there for further descendants)
• *léwk-s-t (sigmatic aorist)
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: *լոյց- (*loycʻ-)
      • ⇒ Old Armenian: լուցանեմ (lucʻanem)
        • Armenian: լուցել (lucʻel)
• *léwk-s (“light”)
• *luk-eh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *lukā
    • Ancient Greek: (ἀμφι)λύκη ((amphi)lúkē), λυκά(βας) (luká(bas)), λυκό(φως) (lukó(phōs)), Λυκαῖος (Lukaîos), λύκειος (lúkeios)
• *lowk-í-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukis
    • Old Prussian: luckis
    • Proto-Slavic: *lučь (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *laugiz (“flame, blaze”) (see there for further descendants)
• *léwk-mn̥
  • Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô (see there for further descendants)
• *luk-mó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rukmás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rukmás
      • Sanskrit: रुक्म (rukmá)
• *lewk-ó-s
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: լոյս (loys)
      • Armenian: լույս (luys)
  • Proto-Celtic: *loukos (“white”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *leukós (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rawkás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rawkás
      • Sanskrit: रोक (roká, “light”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *rawkáh
      • Northern Kurdish: rok (“day; light; sun”)
• *lowk-ó-s (“open space, clearing”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukás
    • Latvian: lauks (“field”)
    • Lithuanian: laũkas (“field, open space”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawkás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawkás
      • Sanskrit: लोक (loká, “free space”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *loukos
    • Old Latin: loucos
      • Latin: lūcus (“sacred grove, wood”) (see there for further descendants)
• *lówk-o-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz (“clearing, open space”) (see there for further descendants)
• *lewk-o-dʰro- or *lewk-o-bʰro-?
  • Proto-Italic: *loukoðro- or *loukoβro-
    • Latin: lūcubrō
• *léwk-os ~ *léwk-es-os
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčas (see there for further descendants)
• *luk-s-ḱós
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lukšás
    • Proto-Iranian: *luxšáh
      • Persian: لوخن (loxan, “moon”)
  • Proto-Italic: *lukskos
    • Latin: luscus
• *léwk-s-mn̥ ~ *luk-s-mén-s
  • Proto-Italic: *louksmən
    • Latin: lūmen
• *lowk-s-neh₂ (“moon”)
• *lúk-s-no-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *lúkʰnos
    • Ancient Greek: λύχνος (lúkhnos)
• *léwk-so-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz, *leuhsą
• *lowk-s-tro-m
  • Proto-Italic: *loukstrom
    • Latin: lūstrum, lūstrō
• *lewk-to-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz, *leuhtą
• Unsorted formations:
  • >? Proto-Albanian: *leukā
    • Albanian: lekë
  • Proto-Albanian: *laukura
    • Albanian: lakur (“naked”)
  • Proto-Albanian: *lāuka
    • Albanian: loqe, gloq (“rheum”)
  • Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒇻𒊌 (lu-uk /⁠luk(k)-⁠/)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ)
      • Armenian: → լուսան (lusan) (learned), > (Karabakh) լո̈ւսէմնը (lüsēmnə) (inherited), > (Ghazakh) լիսամ (lisam) (inherited)
    • Old Armenian: լուսն (lusn)
      • Armenian: լուսն (lusn)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lū́ˀśis
    • Latvian: lūsis (“lynx”)
    • Lithuanian: lūšis (“lynx”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *rỳsь (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Celtic:
    • Old Irish: luchair (“shine”)
    • Welsh: llug (“shimmer”)
  • Proto-Celtic: *lukato-
    • Breton: lagad
    • Cornish: lagas
    • Welsh: llygad
  • Proto-Germanic: *lugô (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *luhsaz (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *lúnks
    • Ancient Greek: λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”)
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: lucerna

Descendants

• Proto-Tocharian: *luk-
  • Tocharian A: luk-
  • Tocharian B: luk-
• Sanskrit: रुच् (ruc)

Further reading

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag