Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnesti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnestei, from Proto-Indo-European *gnét-ti, from *gnet-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *knudaną.

Verb

*gnestì impf

1. to press
2. to knead

Inflection

Conjugation of *gnesti, *gnete, *gnetetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gnetenьje	*gnesti	*gnestъ	*gnetlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gnetenъ	*gnetomъ
Active	*gnetъ	*gnety

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gnet(ox)ъ	*gnete	*gnete	*gnetǫ	*gneteši	*gnetetь
Dual	*gnet(ox)ově	*gnet(e/os)ta	*gnet(e/os)te	*gnetevě	*gneteta	*gnetete
Plural	*gnet(ox)omъ	*gnet(e/os)te	*gnetǫ, *gnetošę	*gnetemъ	*gnetete	*gnetǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gnetěaxъ	*gnetěaše	*gnetěaše	—	*gneti	*gneti
Dual	*gnetěaxově	*gnetěašeta	*gnetěašete	*gnetěvě	*gnetěta	—
Plural	*gnetěaxomъ	*gnetěašete	*gnetěaxǫ	*gnetěmъ	*gnetěte	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гнести (gnesti)
    • Belarusian: гне́сці (hnjésci)
    • Russian: гнести́ (gnestí)
    • Ukrainian: гнести́ (hnestý)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: гнести (gnesti)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⰵⱄⱅⰻ (gnesti)

  • Bulgarian: гнетя̀ (gnetjà)
  • Macedonian: гнете (gnete)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Serbo-Croatian: гњѐсти

    Serbo-Croatian: gnjèsti

  • Slovene: gnésti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hňésti
    • Czech: hníst
  • Kashubian: gniesc
  • Polabian: gnest
  • Polish: gnieść
  • Slovak: hniesť
  • Slovincian: gnjêsc

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнету́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнести́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 195
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gnesti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 165