Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koltiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kõltъ (“club? log? sledgehammer?”) +‎ *-iti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀtas, from the Proto-Balto-Slavic root *kalˀ-. Cognate with Lithuanian káltas (“chisel”), Latvian kal̃ts (“chisel, small hammer”). See *kòlti (“to stab, to sting”) for further etymology.

Verb

*kōltìti

1. to shake, to strike

Inflection

Conjugation of *koltiti, *kolti, *koltitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kolťenьje	*koltiti	*koltitъ	*koltilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kolťenъ	*koltimъ
Active	*kolťь	*koltę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*koltixъ	*kolti	*kolti	*kolťǫ	*koltiši	*koltitь
Dual	*koltixově	*koltista	*koltiste	*koltivě	*koltita	*koltite
Plural	*koltixomъ	*koltiste	*koltišę	*koltimъ	*koltite	*koltętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kolťaaxъ	*kolťaaše	*kolťaaše	—	*kolti	*kolti
Dual	*kolťaaxově	*kolťaašeta	*kolťaašete	*koltivě	*koltita	—
Plural	*kolťaaxomъ	*kolťaašete	*kolťaaxǫ	*koltimъ	*koltite	—

Notes:
• (*)*koltivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *kõltъ, *kolta, *koltò (“club? log? sledgehammer?”)
• *kȏlsъ (“ear, spike”)
• *kòlti (“to stab, to sting”)
• *kòlъ (“stake”)
• *kъlъ (“fang, tusk”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: колотити (kolotiti) (17th century)
    • Belarusian: калаци́ць (kalacícʹ)
    • Russian: колоти́ть (kolotítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: колоти́ти (kolotýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: клатити (klatiti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: кла́тя (klátja)
  • Macedonian: клати (klati)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: кла́тити

    Latin script: klátiti

  • Slovene: klatīti, klátiti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: klátiti
    • Czech: klátit
  • Polish: kłócić
  • Slovak: klátiť
  • Slovincian: klôcëc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kłóćić
    • Lower Sorbian: kłośiś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “колоти́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*koltiti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 156