anima

See also: ánima, animá, ànima, animà, animâ, and ânima

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin anima (“a current of air, wind, air, breath, the vital principle, life, soul”), sometimes equivalent to animus (“mind”), both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”); see animus. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”), Old English anda (“anger, envy, zeal”). More at onde.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈænɪmə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈænəmə/

Noun

anima (plural animas)

1. (chiefly philosophy) The soul or animating principle of a living thing, especially as contrasted with the animus. [from 10th c.]
   • 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, section XXXVIII:

     [W]e cannot chuse but admire the exceeding vividness of the governing faculty or Anima of the Insect, which is able to dispose and regulate so the motive faculties, as to cause every peculiar organ, not onely to move or act so quick, but to do it also so regularly.

2. (Jungian psychology) The inner self (not the external persona) of a person that is in touch with the unconscious as opposed to the persona. [from 20th c.]
   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 31:

     In the Jungian model of the psyche, the male has an internalized female counterpart, the anima; while the female has an internalized masculine counterpart, the animus.

   • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:

     Dorothy is bodiless and sexless in Tintern Abbey because she is Wordsworth's Jungian anima, an internal aspect of self momentarily projected.

3. (Jungian psychology) The unconscious feminine aspect of a person. [from 20th c.]

Related terms

• animal
• animate
• animus

 

Translations

unconscious feminine aspect of a person

• German: Anima f
• Portuguese: anima (pt) f
• Russian: а́нима (ru) f (ánima)

Further reading

• “anima”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• -mania, Amina, Maina, Mania, amain, amnia, mania, aiman

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əˈni.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [aˈni.ma]

Verb

anima

1. inflection of animar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Chibcha

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish anima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /anima/

Noun

anima

1. anima, soul

References

• Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

Esperanto

Etymology

From animo +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈnima/
• Rhymes: -ima

Adjective

anima (accusative singular animan, plural animaj, accusative plural animajn)

1. of the soul; spiritual
   • (Can we date this quote?), Simono Pejno (translator), “Revon havas mi” (“I Have a Dream”), speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. in Washington, DC on August 28, 1963,

     Foje kaj refoje ni leviĝu supren al majestaj altejoj, alfrontante fizikan forton kun anima forto.

     Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

2. of the mind, mental, psychological, inner

   Ĝi staras antaŭ miaj animaj okuloj. ― I can see it with my mind’s eye.

   anima lukto / ekvilibro ― inner struggle / balance

   • (Can we date this quote?), Heinrich August Luyken, Stranga heredaĵo, Ĉapitro 12,

     Vi bezonas korpan kaj animan ripozon.

     You need physical and mental rest.

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

anima

1. third-person singular past historic of animer

Anagrams

• mania

Interlingua

Noun

anima (plural animas)

1. soul

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.ni.ma/
• Rhymes: -anima
• Hyphenation: à‧ni‧ma

Etymology 1

From Latin anima, from animus, from Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Doublet of alma.

Noun

anima f (plural anime)

1. (religion, philosophy, also figurative) soul
2. the innermost part of something:
   1. (botany) Synonym of durame (“heartwood”)
   2. (lutherie) sound post
3. (metallurgy) a mould/mold used to create a cavity
4. the innermost part of a rope
5. (firearms) the inner cavity created by the chamber and the barrel
6. (typography) the support of ink rollers
7. (military, historical) a type of scaled armor
8. (heraldry) a motto tied to a character

Derived terms

• anima gemella
• animella
• animetta
• animina
• animismo
• animuccia

 

Related terms

• alma
• animale
• animare
• animato
• animazione
• animo
• animula

 

Further reading

• anima in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

anima

1. inflection of animare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• -mania, Manai, mania

Kabuverdianu

Alternative forms

• animá (Barlavento)

Etymology

From Portuguese animar.

Verb

anima

1. (Sotavento) entertain, enliven

References

• Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
• Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

Latin

Etymology 1

See animus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ni.ma/, [ˈänɪmä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ni.ma/, [ˈäːnimä]

Noun

anima f (genitive animae); first declension

1. soul, spirit, life
   • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.19:

     ...animum autem alii animam, ut fere nostri declarat nomen: nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus et animosos...

     ...some would have the soul, or spirit, to be the anima, as our schools generally agree; and indeed the name signifies as much, for we use the expressions animam agere, to live; animam efflare, to expire; animosi, men of spirit...

   • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Lucam 1:46:

     Magnificat anima mea Dominum.

     My soul doth magnify the Lord.

2. air, breeze
3. breath

   Synonyms: spīritus, spīrātiō

Declension

First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or -ābus).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	anima	animae
Genitive	animae	animārum
Dative	animae	animīs animābus
Accusative	animam	animās
Ablative	animā	animīs animābus
Vocative	anima	animae

Derived terms

• anima mundī
• animōsus
• animula

Related terms

• animal
• animālis
• animātiō
• animātus
• animō

 

Descendants

• Aromanian: inimã
• Asturian: alma, ánima
• → Basque: arima
• → Catalan: ànima
• Dalmatian: jamna
• → English: anima
• Franco-Provençal: ârma
• Friulian: anime, ànime
• → Galician: ánima
• Istriot: anema
• Italian: alma, anima
• Megleno-Romanian: ińamă
• Mirandese: alma
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: arma
  • Lombard: arma
  • Old Piedmontese: arma
    • Piedmontese: anma, ambra, alma, arma
• Occitan: anma, arma
• Old Catalan: arma
• Old French: ame
  • Middle French: ame
    • French: âme
  • Walloon: åme
• Old Galician-Portuguese: alma
  • Galician: alma
  • Portuguese: alma
• → Portuguese: anima
• Romanian: inimă
• Romansch: olma
• Sardinian: àmina
• Sicilian: arma
• → Sicilian: ànima
• Old Spanish: alma
  • Spanish: alma
• → Spanish: ánima
• Venetan: ànema
• Walloon: åme

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

animā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of animō

References

• “anima”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “anima”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• anima in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• anima in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to hold one's breath: animam continere
    
  • to give up the ghost: animam edere or efflare
    
  • to be at one's last gasp: animam agere
    
  • (ambiguous) to weary, bore the reader: languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre
    
  • (ambiguous) to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
    
  • (ambiguous) Nature has implanted in all men the idea of a God: natura in omnium animis notionem dei impressit (N. D. 1. 16. 43)
    

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaː.nɪ.ma/

• Audio (Gozo):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian animare.

Verb

anima (imperfect janima, past participle animat, verbal noun animar)

1. to animate

Conjugation

Conjugation of anima
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	animajt	animajt	anima		animajna	animajtu	animaw
	f			animat
imperfect	m	nanima	tanima	janima		nanimaw	tanimaw	janimaw
	f			tanima
imperative			anima				animaw

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian anima.

Noun

anima f (plural animi)

1. The innermost part of something: core

Related terms

• animatur
• animazzjoni
• animista
• animiżmu
• animożità
• animuż
• inanimat

 

Old French

Noun

anima oblique singular, f (oblique plural animas, nominative singular anima, nominative plural animas)

1. (9th and 10th centuries) Alternative form of ame

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from Latin anima. Doublet of alma, inherited from the same source.

Alternative forms

• ânima, ánima

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧ni‧ma

Noun

anima f (plural animas)

1. (Jungian psychology) anima (unconscious feminine aspect of a male)
2. anima (soul or inner self of a person)

   Synonym: alma

Related terms

• alma
• anima mundi
• animus

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈnĩ.mɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈnĩ.mɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈni.ma/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈni.mɐ/

• Hyphenation: a‧ni‧ma

Verb

anima

1. inflection of animar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Q'anjob'al

Noun

anima

1. person

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French animer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.niˈma/
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: a‧ni‧ma

Verb

a anima (third-person singular present animă, past participle animat) 1st conj.

1. to animate

Conjugation

    conjugation of anima (first conjugation, no infix)

infinitive			a anima
gerund			animând
past participle			animat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	anim	animi	animă	animăm	animați	animă
	imperfect	animam	animai	anima	animam	animați	animau
	simple perfect	animai	animași	animă	animarăm	animarăți	animară
	pluperfect	animasem	animaseși	animase	animaserăm	animaserăți	animaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să anim	să animi	să anime	să animăm	să animați	să anime
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		animă			animați
	negative		nu anima			nu animați

Related terms

• animabil
• animabilitate
• animare
• animat
• animator
• animație
• animism

 

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈnima/ [aˈni.ma]
• Rhymes: -ima
• Syllabification: a‧ni‧ma

Verb

anima

1. inflection of animar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative