coryphaeus

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin coryphaeus, from Ancient Greek κορυφαῖος (koruphaîos, “leader of the chorus in an Ancient Greek drama”), from κορυφή (koruphḗ, “top of the head, crown”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; horn”)) + -ῐος (-ios, suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘belonging to, pertaining to’).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌkɔɹəˈfiːəs/, /ˌkɒɹɪˈfiːʌs/

Noun

coryphaeus (plural coryphaeuses or coryphaei)

1. (Ancient Greece, drama, historical) The conductor or leader of the chorus of a drama.

   Synonym: coryphée

   • 1830, Gottfried Hermann, Gottfried Hermann, translated by John Seager, Hermann's Elements of the Doctrine of Metres, page 165:

     Then the coryphæus finishes the remaining part of the strophe. But when they have returned to order, Bacchus again interposes by beginning the antistrophe β', which the coryphæus ought to have done.

   • 1975, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, “Festival, Comedy and Tragedy: The Greek Origins of Theatre”, in Christopher Holme, transl., [1972, Festia, Comedia y Tragedia], page 250:

     The chorus, that is those members of the komos who have not become specialized as actors and continue singing and dancing, are headed by a coryphaeus, who sometimes addresses them, exhorting them to action, or to begin the song or the rite, or else anticipates or summarizes their words, or represents them in conversation with the actors.

   • 2000, David Wiles, Greek Theatre Performance: An Introduction, page 135:

     Post-classical references to the famous ‘chorus-trainer’ Sannio indicate that his role extended to performing and thus taking the coryphaeus role. The coryphaeus was both leader and teacher, and in performance played a crucial role in setting the time that the other dancers followed.

2. (by extension) The chief or leader of an interest or party.

   Synonyms: coryphe, coryphée

   • 1822, Robert Southey, Mr. Southey's Reply to Lord Byron: Blackwood's Magazine, volume 11, page 94:

     Of the work which I have done, it becomes me not here to speak, save only as relates to the Satanic School, and its Coryphæus, the author of Don Juan.

   • 1986, Ladislav Matejka, I. R. Titunik, Translators' Preface, V. N. Vološinov, Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, page vii,

     Among those rare exceptions, fortunately, was that coryphaeus of modern thought in the humanities, Professor Roman Jakobson.

   • 1997, Ignaz Goldziher, Wolfgang Behn (editor and translator), The Zāhirīs: Their Doctrine and Their History, page 123,

     Indeed, when we make a comparative study of the Zāhirite school's known coryphaei of the different periods for their dogmatic point of view, we shall soon find out that the most divergent, diametrically opposed dogmatic branches could be combined as belonging to the Zāhirite fiqh school.

   • 2023 July 30, Max Levchin, “Shamir Secret Sharing”, in Too Long to Tweet‎^[1] (blog), archived from the original on 2024-03-27:

     My dad was a highly active member of Zoryaniy Shlyah—Kyiv’s possibly first (and possibly only, at the time) sci-fi fan club—the name means "Star Trek" in Ukrainian, unsurprisingly. He translated some Stansilaw Lem (of Solaris and Futurological Congress fame) from Polish to Russian in the early 80s and was generally considered a coryphaeus at ZSh.

3. The leader of an opera chorus or another ensemble of singers.

Alternative forms

• coryphæus
• corypheus
• koryphaios

Translations

conductor of the dramatic chorus

• Dutch: coryfee (nl) m
• Esperanto: korifeo
• German: Koryphäe (de) m
• Polish: koryfeusz (pl) m, koryfej (pl) m
• Portuguese: corifeu m
• Russian: дирижёр (ru) m (dirižór)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: корифеј m

  Roman: korifej (sh) m

chief or leader of an interest or party

• Esperanto: korifeo
• German: Koryphäe (de) m
• Portuguese: corifeu m
• Russian: корифе́й (ru) m (koriféj)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: корифеј m

  Roman: korifej (sh) m

Further reading

• coryphaeus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek κορυφαῖος (koruphaîos).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ko.ryˈpʰae̯.us/, [kɔrʏˈpʰäe̯ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ko.riˈfe.us/, [koriˈfɛːus]

Noun

coryphaeus m (genitive coryphaeī); second declension

1. a leader, chief, head

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	coryphaeus	coryphaeī
Genitive	coryphaeī	coryphaeōrum
Dative	coryphaeō	coryphaeīs
Accusative	coryphaeum	coryphaeōs
Ablative	coryphaeō	coryphaeīs
Vocative	coryphaee	coryphaeī

Descendants

• → Catalan: corifeu
• → English: coryphaeus
• → Esperanto: korifeo
• → French: coryphée
  • → Dutch: coryfee
  • → English: coryphée
  • → Romanian: corifeu
  • → Swedish: koryfé
• → German: Koryphäe
• → Italian: corifeo
• → Polish: koryfeusz
• → Portuguese: corifeo
• → Spanish: corifeo

References

• “coryphaeus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “coryphaeus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers