iaceo

Latin

Alternative forms

• jaceō (chiefly New Latin)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jakēō. Stative counterpart of iaciō (“to throw”). The meaning must have shifted from “I am thrown down” to “I lie”.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯a.ke.oː/, [ˈi̯äkeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈja.t͡ʃe.o/, [ˈjäːt͡ʃeo]

Verb

iaceō (present infinitive iacēre, perfect active iacuī, supine iacitum); second conjugation, no passive

1. to lie prostrate, lie down; recline

   Synonym: cubō

   • Cur in terra iaces? — “Why are you lying on the ground?”
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.218:

     pauper ubīque iacet

     and everywhere the poor man lies prostrated

2. to be sick, lie ill

   Synonyms: aegrōtō, cubō

   Antonym: valeō

3. to linger, stop, tarry, remain
4. to be placed or situated, lie
5. to be low, flat or level
6. to lie still
7. to have fallen, lie dead
8. to lie in ruins
9. to hang down loose
10. (of the face or eyes) to be fixed on the ground or cast down
11. to be indolent, idle or inactive

    Synonyms: langueō, dēsideō, vacō, cessō, resideō, sileō, conquiēscō

12. to be of no avail, lie dormant or abandoned
13. to lodge, dwell, abide

    Synonyms: obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, habitō, subsīdō, resideō, incolō, colō, stabulō, vīvō, versō

14. to lie overthrown; to be refuted, fail; to be despised
15. (of speech or language) to be languid, dull or lifeless

Conjugation

Conjugation of iaceō (second conjugation, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iaceō	iacēs	iacet	iacēmus	iacētis	iacent
	imperfect	iacēbam	iacēbās	iacēbat	iacēbāmus	iacēbātis	iacēbant
	future	iacēbō	iacēbis	iacēbit	iacēbimus	iacēbitis	iacēbunt
	perfect	iacuī	iacuistī	iacuit	iacuimus	iacuistis	iacuērunt, iacuēre
	pluperfect	iacueram	iacuerās	iacuerat	iacuerāmus	iacuerātis	iacuerant
	future perfect	iacuerō	iacueris	iacuerit	iacuerimus	iacueritis	iacuerint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iaceam	iaceās	iaceat	iaceāmus	iaceātis	iaceant
	imperfect	iacērem	iacērēs	iacēret	iacērēmus	iacērētis	iacērent
	perfect	iacuerim	iacuerīs	iacuerit	iacuerīmus	iacuerītis	iacuerint
	pluperfect	iacuissem	iacuissēs	iacuisset	iacuissēmus	iacuissētis	iacuissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	iacē	—	—	iacēte	—
	future	—	iacētō	iacētō	—	iacētōte	iacentō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		iacēre	iacuisse	iacitūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		iacēns	—	iacitūrus	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		iacendī	iacendō	iacendum	iacendō	iacitum	iacitū

Derived terms

• adiaceō
• circumiaceō
• interiaceō
• obiaceō
• praeiaceō
• subiaceō
• subteriaceō
• superiaceō

Descendants

• Aragonese: chacer
• Aromanian: dzac, dzãtseari, dzatsiri
• Bourguignon: gizai
• English: gist (via Old French), joist
• Franco-Provençal: jere, jore
• French: gésir
• Friulian: jessi
• Galician: xacer
• Interlingua: jacer
• Istro-Romanian: zåc
• Italian: giacere
• Megleno-Romanian: zac, zățeari
• Old Occitan: jazer
  • Catalan: jaure, jeure
  • Occitan: jàser, jaire, jaguer
    • French: jas
• Portuguese: jazer
• Romanian: zăcea, zăcere
• Romansch: giaschair, scher
• Sardinian: jachere, jaghere, giaghere
• Sicilian: jàciri, iàciri
• Spanish: yacer
• Venetan: xaser

References

• “iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• iaceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • scholarship, culture, literature is at a low ebb: litterae iacent, neglectae iacent
    
  • philosophy is neglected, at low ebb: philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...)
    
  • to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio)
    
  • the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle: pecunia iacet otiosa
    
  • the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    
  • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    
  • (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    
  • (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
    
  • (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
    
  • (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN