nó

See also: Appendix:Variations of "no"

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German noch, from Old High German noh, from Proto-Germanic *nuh (“now and; yet, still”). Cognate with German noch.

Adverb

nó

1. (Luserna) still, yet (up to and including a given time)

   Balz tondart in aprìle soinda nó hintar noün tang bintar.

   When it thunders in April, there is still nine more days of winter.

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese noo, from Latin nōdus. Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (“to bind”), compare English knot and its Germanic cognates.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ/

Noun

nó m (plural nós)

1. knot (looping of a flexible material)

   Synonyms: lazada, lazo

2. node (a knot, knob, protuberance or swelling)

   Synonym: broulla

3. gnarl
4. knot (whorl left in lumber)
5. knot (unit of speed)
6. hub (point where many routes meet)

Derived terms

• nó da gorxa
• nó gordiano
• noelo

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “nó”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “nó”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “nó”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Hungarian

Etymology

From Japanese 能 (nō, literally “ability”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnoː]
• Rhymes: -noː

Noun

nó (uncountable)

1. Noh, a form of classical Japanese musical drama.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	nó	nók
accusative	nót	nókat
dative	nónak	nóknak
instrumental	nóval	nókkal
causal-final	nóért	nókért
translative	nóvá	nókká
terminative	nóig	nókig
essive-formal	nóként	nókként
essive-modal	nóul	—
inessive	nóban	nókban
superessive	nón	nókon
adessive	nónál	nóknál
illative	nóba	nókba
sublative	nóra	nókra
allative	nóhoz	nókhoz
elative	nóból	nókból
delative	nóról	nókról
ablative	nótól	nóktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	nóé	nóké
non-attributive possessive - plural	nóéi	nókéi

Possessive forms of nó
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	nóm	nóim
2nd person sing.	nód	nóid
3rd person sing.	nója	nói
1st person plural	nónk	nóink
2nd person plural	nótok	nóitok
3rd person plural	nójuk	nóik

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish nó, nú, from Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Welsh neu and Old Breton nou).

Pronunciation

• (Kerry) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠoː/
• (Cork, Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠuː/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠɔː/

Conjunction

nó

1. or

Particle

nó

1. No meaning of its own; only used in nó go (“until”) and its derivatives.

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

• nóe

Etymology

From Old Irish nau, from Proto-Celtic *nāwā, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us.

Noun

nó f (genitive nóe)

1. boat

Descendants

• Irish: nae

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 nó, noe”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Mirandese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ/

Adverb

nó

1. no

References

“nó” in Amadeu Ferreira, José Pedro Cardona Ferreira, Dicionário Mirandês-Português, 1st edition, 2004.

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• no, nú, ꝉ

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Welsh neu and Old Breton nou); nowadays derived from Proto-Indo-European *ne-we, from *ne (“not”) +‎ *-wē (“or”), literally “or not”. Compare Latin nēve, which was formed identically.

Stokes derives it from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod”), but in a later publication, prefers *nu (“and, now”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n͈oː/

Conjunction

nó (abbreviated ꝉ)

1. or

Descendants

• Irish: nó
• Manx: ny
• Scottish Gaelic: no, neo

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
nó also nnó after a proclitic ending in a vowel	nó pronounced with /n(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 nó”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese noo, from Latin nodus, from Proto-Indo-European *gned-, *gnod- (“to bind”). Doublet of nodo.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ/

Noun

nó m (plural nós)

1. knot
2. (anatomy) knuckle

Derived terms

• nódulo

Further reading

• “nó”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “nó”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Vietnamese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Probably originally a variant of nọ (“that yonder”).

For semantic relationship, compare French il, Spanish él (and other reflexes of Latin ille), Macedonian тој (toj), Japanese 彼 (kare), Turkish o.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [nɔ˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [nɔ˨˩˦]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [nɔ˦˥]

Pronoun

nó • (奴, 伮)

1. (impolite, colloquial) he; him; she; her

   Thằng Tèo đi đâu rồi?
   Chắc nó đi chơi với gái rồi.
   Con Mực đi đâu rồi?
   Chắc nó cũng đi kiếm gái luôn.
   Thế còn con Tũn?
   Nó thì tao chịu.

   Where's Tèo (a boy)?
   He's probably going out with girls.
   Where's Blacky (a dog)?
   He's probably looking for bitches, too.
   What about Tũn (a girl)?
   Dunno about her.

2. (literary, fiction, narratology, disrespectful or familiar) he; him; she; her (used by the author when talking about a young person (especially the protagonist) or a non-human animal)
3. (literary) it
   • 2012, Joe Ruelle, Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way]‎^[2], page 234:

     Ý tôi không phải “phương Đông – phương Tây” là cách phân chia văn hoá vô tác dụng. Bản thân tôi hay nói “người Tây” thích thế nọ, muốn thế kia – đặc biệt khi so sánh với người Việt. Mặc dù không chính xác lắm nhưng cách đó tiết kiệm thời gian cho người viết lẫn người đọc. Nó súc tích, gòn gọn, đẹp mắt, lôgíc.
     Nhưng cũng hơi thiếu.

     I do not mean that the “Eastern – Western” categorization of cultures is invalid. I often find myself saying “Westerners” like this, want that – especially when comparing with Vietnamese people. Albeit not very accurate, that way [of categorization] doesn’t take much of the writers and the readers’ time [to describe and to understand]. It’s concise, succinct, sightly, logical.
     But also a little inadequate.

4. (colloquial) it, used to refer to inanimate objects when accompanied by topic-comment structure

   Cái ghế này nó gãy rồi.

   This chair is broken

   (literally, “This chair, it broke.”)

Usage notes

• The term is used to refer to any animal (including the human) in the third person, in a casual or disrespectful manner. In usual conversation, the use of pronouns such as anh ấy, cô ấy and the likes when referring to one's peer or younger people would probably sound stiff and artificial (as if from reading a translation). When referring to one's superior or older people, the usage of these pronouns is less marked while the use of nó becomes disrespectful.
• The use of the term to translate the English it, or to refer to an inanimate object, in many cases, is rather artificial, and mostly found in awkward (but common) translations of other languages.

Derived terms

• bọn nó; chúng nó; tụi nó (“they; them”)

Yaweyuha

Noun

nó

1. water

References

• Yaweyuha Organised Phonology Data (2011), page 3