tukana

Estonian

Noun

tukana

1. essive singular of tukk

Nheengatu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn

Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn

Old Tupi tukana

Old Tupi tukanabor.

Brazilian Portuguese tucanoinflu.

Nheengatu tukana

Inherited from Old Tupi tukana, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn. The broader use, including other toucan species and the Tucano people, is a semantic loan from Brazilian Portuguese tucano. Doublet of tukanu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuˈka.na/, [tuˈkã.nɐ]
• Rhymes: -ana
• Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na

Adjective

tukana

1. (relational) Tucano

Noun

tukana (plural tukana-itá)

1. toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)
2. Tucano people
3. (uncountable) Tucano language

Derived terms

• tukana-arasarí
• tukana-buya
• tukana-ira
• tukana-iwakawa
• tukana-makaxera
• tukana-maniiwa

 

References

• Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “tukana”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 765

Old Tupi

tukana (Ramphastos toco)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.

Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní and Wayampi tukã.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tuˈkã.na]
• Rhymes: -ãna
• Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na

Noun

tukana (unpossessable)

1. toco toucan (Ramphastos toco)

   Synonym: tukanusu

Descendants

Descendants of tukana

• Nheengatu: tukana
• → French: toucan m
  • → English: toucan
  • → Finnish: tukaani
• → New Latin: tucana (learned)
• → Portuguese: tucano m
  • → English: Tucano
  • → Galician: tucano m
  • → Italian: tucano m
  • → Nheengatu: tukanu
  • → Spanish: tucano m

References

• Jean de Léry (1578) chapter XI, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 175: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
• Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 237v: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
• Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter XV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 217: “Tvcana [Tukana]”
• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tukana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 481, column 2
• Nelson Papavero, Dante Martins Teixeira (2014) Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus [Tupian zoonymy in 16th century European writings] (Arquivos NEHiLP; 3) (in Portuguese), São Paulo: FFLCH-USP, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 266

Swahili

Etymology

rom Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-tukana (infinitive kutukana)

1. to abuse, insult

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tukana
Positive present -natukana Subjunctive -tukane Negative -tukani Imperative singular tukana
Infinitives
Positive kutukana Negative kutotukana
Imperatives
Singular tukana Plural tukaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutukana Positive past positive subject concord + -litukana Negative past negative subject concord + -kutukana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natukana) Singular Plural 1st person ninatukana/natukana tunatukana 2nd person unatukana mnatukana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatukana wanatukana other classes positive subject concord + -natukana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tukani) Singular Plural 1st person situkani hatutukani 2nd person hutukani hamtukani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatukani hawatukani other classes negative subject concord + -tukani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatukana Negative future negative subject concord + -tatukana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tukane) Singular Plural 1st person nitukane tutukane 2nd person utukane mtukane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atukane watukane other classes positive subject concord + -tukane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situkane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetukana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetukana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitukana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitukana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atukana) Singular Plural 1st person natukana twatukana 2nd person watukana mwatukana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atukana watukana m-mi(III/IV) watukana yatukana ji-ma(V/VI) latukana yatukana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatukana vyatukana n(IX/X) yatukana zatukana u(XI) watukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatukana pa(XVI) patukana mu(XVIII) mwatukana
Perfect positive subject concord + -metukana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatukana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatukana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitukana "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotukana Consecutive katukana / positive subject concord + -katukana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katukane
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitukana -tutukana 2nd person -kutukana -watukana/-kutukaneni/-watukaneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtukana -watukana m-mi(III/IV) -utukana -itukana ji-ma(V/VI) -litukana -yatukana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitukana -vitukana n(IX/X) -itukana -zitukana u(XI) -utukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutukana pa(XVI) -patukana mu(XVIII) -mutukana Reflexive -jitukana
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tukana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tukanaye -tukanao m-mi(III/IV) -tukanao -tukanayo ji-ma(V/VI) -tukanalo -tukanayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tukanacho -tukanavyo n(IX/X) -tukanayo -tukanazo u(XI) -tukanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tukanako pa(XVI) -tukanapo mu(XVIII) -tukanamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tukana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetukana -otukana m-mi(III/IV) -otukana -yotukana ji-ma(V/VI) -lotukana -yotukana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotukana -vyotukana n(IX/X) -yotukana -zotukana u(XI) -otukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotukana pa(XVI) -potukana mu(XVIII) -motukana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.