西雅圖橋樑列表
外观
西雅圖市內有多座桥梁,需要穿越城市内的多条水道和眾多的山丘,其中不乏有在功能或工程上的创新性而拥有一定的历史意义的橋樑[1]。截至2015年,西雅圖市内已經有十二座橋樑被联邦政府、市政府或兩者授予历史地位。西雅图市内也有一些全世界僅有的永久浮橋[2]。
华盛顿湖和普吉特海湾分別位於西雅圖市的东部和西部,而兩者之间是通過一系列的运河和聯合湖(统称为華盛頓湖運河)連接的[3]。四座通過運河的双葉上開橋是市内最古老的橋梁,它們是在1917年至1930年間啓用。市内东部邊緣,連接運河南部一帶和大學區的橋梁有蒙特萊克大橋和大學橋。費利蒙大橋穿过运河中心,並因為其桥下净空只有9.1米(30英尺),而成為世界上最經常需要開合的橋梁。巴拉德大橋的是市内衆多跨越運河的橋樑中最靠西的一座[4]。
一衆浮桥承載90号州际公路和520号华盛顿州州道,並跨越华盛顿湖前往金縣東郊[5]。建于2016年的长青点浮桥,是同一地點原有的浮橋的重建[6][7],是世界上最长的浮桥[8][9]。莱西·V·默罗纪念大桥在1990年因為一次整修,而使它的開放維護艙口進水,而令橋樑的其中一個跨度沉沒;之後該跨度被重建。歲月和2001年尼斯闊利地震也破坏了橋樑的其餘几个跨度。基於未来的地震的危险性增加,市内失修的橋樑也隨之需要更换,例如阿拉斯加路高架道路和木兰桥[10][11]。
西西雅圖是一个因為被杜瓦米什河分隔而與市中心分离的半岛。西西雅图大桥是跨越河流的主要通道[12]。附近的斯波坎街大橋是世界上第一座,也是唯一一座液压操作的混凝土双葉平轉橋[13]。
橋樑列表
[编辑]啓用年份欄的附注 |
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*:被國家史蹟名錄收錄的橋樑[14] |
†:城市地標[15] |
注釋
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Petroski, Henry. Floating Bridges (PDF). American Scientific. 2003, 91: 302–306 [2018-06-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04).
- ^ Gutierres, Scott. Washington: Floating Bridge Capitol of the World. Seattle Post Intelligencer. 2012-02-29 [2015-01-04]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-15).
- ^ Insiders' Guide to Seattle. Insiders Guides. 2010: 17. ISBN 978-0-7627-5544-8.
- ^ Ohlsen, Becky. Seattle. Lonely Planet. 2008: 44. ISBN 978-1-74059-834-7.
- ^ Petroski, Henry. Pushing the Limits: New Adventures in Engineering. Knopf. 2005: 40. ISBN 978-1-4000-4051-3.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Lindblom, Mike. New 520 bridge to open in April; walkers, bicyclists get to try it first. The Seattle Times. 2016-01-12 [2016-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-07).
- ^ Traffic switch from old SR 520 floating bridge to new bridge (PDF). Washington State Department of Transportation. January 2016 [2016-04-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-04-17).
- ^ Gaudette, Karen. DOT on 520 project: "The Sooner the Better". The Seattle Times. 2005-04-26 [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-28).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Longest bridge, floating bridge. Guinness World Records. [2016-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-30).
- ^ Demolition of the Alaskan Way Viaduct begins. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2011-02-18 [2011-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-16).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Cunningham, Jeffrey. Magnolia's Bridges. Queen Anne & Magnolia News. 2014-11-25 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-20).
- ^ Southwest Seattle Historical Society, Log House Museum. Images of America West Seattle. Arcadia Publishing. 2010: 20. ISBN 978-0-7385-8133-0.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Holstine, Craig; Hobbs, Richard. Spanning Washington: Historic Highway Bridges of the Evergreen State. Washington State University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-87422-281-4.
- ^ National Register of Historic Places; Annual Listing of Historic Properties (Part II) (PDF). National Park Service. 1983-03-01: 8669 [2018-06-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-11-03).
- ^ Landmarks and Designation. City of Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. [2011-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-27).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Landmark Preservation Board. Seattle Historic Building Data Sheet (PDF). City of Seattle. 1975-04-01 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-12-20).
- ^ Dorpat, Paul. A Bridge Loses Track. The Seattle Times. 2001-08-12 [2011-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-17).
- ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Bridges and Roadway Structures. City of Seattle Department of Transportation. [2011-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-21).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Blecha, Peter. Ravenna Park (Seattle). HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2011-01-23 [2011-11-28]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-10).
- ^ 1st Avenue S. Bridge. Washington State Department of Transportation. [2011-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-01).
- ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2008. World Almanac Books. 2008: 737–739. ISBN 978-1-60057-072-8.
- ^ Gilore, Susan. Project Will Keep Bus Traffic off Bridge in Fremont. The Seattle Times. 2006-05-22 [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-28).
- ^ 23.0 23.1 Shellin Atly, Elizabeth. Nomination Form (PDF). City of Seattle; Department of Community Development/Office of Urban Conservation. 1980-01-02 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-24).
- ^ 24.0 24.1 Gilore, Susan. 3 Designs Released for Fence on Aurora Bridge. The Seattle Times. 2008-07-15 [2010-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-04).
- ^ 25.0 25.1 West Seattle Bridge Honors Jeanette Williams. West Seattle Herald. 2009-10-30.
- ^ The Northwest Today. The Register-Guard. 1984-07-08: 5A.
- ^ Long, Priscilla. Seattle's 12th Avenue South (Dearborn Street) Bridge Is Built in 1911. HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2007-12-23 [2018-06-29]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-06).
- ^ 28.0 28.1 View From on High. City of Seattle Department of Transportation. 2010-08-24 [2011-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-25).
- ^ Magnolia Bridge Site Recommended. The Daily Journal of Commerce. 2006-02-09 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2006-03-30).
- ^ 30.0 30.1 Gelula, Melisse. Fodor's Cityguide Seattle. Fodor's Travel Publications. 2002: 171. ISBN 978-0-676-90194-8.
- ^ 31.0 31.1 Wilma, David. Seattle Landmarks: Queen Anne Drive Bridge (1936). HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2001-04-17 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-20).
- ^ Shellin Atly, Elizabeth. Nomination Form (PDF). City of Seattle; Department if Community Development/Office of Urban Conservation. 1980-01-02 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-24).
- ^ The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge, Volume 4. Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1918: 504. ISBN 978-1-2763-9784-1.
- ^ Final List of Nationally and Exceptionally Significant Features of the Federal Interstate Highway System. Federal Highway Administration, USDOT. [2014-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2006-08-11).
- ^ Dorpat, Paul; McCoy, Genevieve. Building Washington: A History of Washington State Public Works. Tartu Publications. 1998: 131. ISBN 978-0-9614357-9-0.
- ^ Long, Priscilla. Schmitz Park Bridge in West Seattle Is Completed in December 1936.. HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2007-12-23 [2014-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-20).
- ^ Weekly Roundup of Facts, Figures and Forecasts. The Seattle Times. 2004-08-25 [2011-07-11]. (原始内容存档于2004-10-12).
- ^ Long, Priscilla. Seattle's Ravenna Park Bridge Is Constructed in 1913. HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2008-01-23 [2011-11-28]. (原始内容存档于2011-11-30).