自由港
自由港（英語：Free Economic Zone，又稱自由貿易區、自由口岸）是一種以經營貿易為主的經濟特區，可自由進行貨物起卸、搬運、轉口和加工、長期儲存的港口區域。自由港內的國外貨物，可免徵關稅和不需經海關人員檢查。自由港主要從事轉口貿易，但一些大小已經跟城市相同，還會進行加工、旅遊和服務等業務。
最早的自由港出現於歐洲，13世紀法蘭西王國已開闢馬賽港為自由貿易園區。1547年，西班牙王國的錫耶納共和國正式將熱那亞灣的里南那港定名為世界上第一個自由港。其後，為了擴大對外的國際貿易，一些歐洲國家便陸續將一些港口城市開闢自由港。至今，因應全球的貿易活動與經濟發展，自由港的數量已上升至130多個。
自由港與保稅港區相似，其不同在於貿易優惠措施空間範圍上的不同而已。
全球自由港
[編輯] | 此條目內容自相矛盾。 |
 | 此章節的準確性有爭議。 |
- 阿布達比
- 杜拜
- Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone (ADAFZ)
- ADPC - Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone (KPIZ)
- Ahmed Bin Rashid Free Zone (ABRFZ)
- Ajman Free Zone (AFZ)
- Creative City
- Dubai Academic City
- Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZ)
- Dubai Biotechnology & Research Park (DuBiotech)
- Dubai Car and Automotive City Free Zone (DUCAMZ)
- Dubai Gold and Diamond Park
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Free Zone
- Dubai Internet City
- Dubai Media City
- Dubai Studio City
- Dubai Techno Park
- Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone (TECOM)
- International Media Production Zone
- Dubai Knowledge Village
- Dubai Logistics City
- Dubai Healthcare City
- Dubai Industrial City (DIC)
- Dubai International Academic City
- 迪拜國際金融中心 Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
- DuBiotech
- Economic Zones World (EZW)
- Fujairah Creative City
- Fujairah Free Zone (FFZ)
- Dubai Outsource Zone
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA)
- Hamriyah Free Zone
- Higher Corporation for Specialized Economic Zones (HCSEZ) - ZonesCorp
- Industrial City of Abu Dhabi
- JLT Free Zone Dubai
- RAK Investment Authority Free Zone (RAKIA FZ)
- Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone
- Ras Al Khaimah IT Park
- Ras Al Khaimah Media Free Zone
- Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF)
- twofour54 Abu Dhabi
- Virtuzone Free Zone
(歐盟成員)
- 哥本哈根自由港 (Københavns Frihavn)
(歐盟成員)
- Free zone of Lappeenranta (Lappeenrannan Vapaa-alue)
- Freeport of Hanko (Hangon Vapaasatama)
(歐盟成員)
(歐盟成員)
- 不萊梅市自由港 (Freihafen Bremen), 1888−2007
- 不萊梅港自由港(Freihafen Bremerhaven)
- 庫克斯哈文自由港 (Freihafen Cuxhaven), since 1896
- 代根多夫自由港 (Freihafen Deggendorf), since 1989
- 杜伊斯堡自由港 (Freihafen Duisburg), since 1989
- 漢堡自由港 (Freihafen Hamburg), 1888–2012
(歐盟成員)
- Free zone of Piraeus
- Free zone of Thessaloniki
- Free zone of Heraklion
- Free zone of Evros (Debzos)
(歐盟成員)
- Port of Cork Free Port
- Shannon Free Zone
- Isle of Man Airport (Ballasala)
(歐盟成員)
- Livorno, 1675–1860
- Free Zone of Venice (Porto franco di Venezia)
- Aosta Valley
- Campione d'Italia
- Livigno
- Port of Trieste
(歐盟成員)
(歐盟成員)
(歐盟成員)
- Free Port of Klaipėda
- Famagusta Free Zone
- Gemikonağı Free Zone
(歐盟成員)
- Free Zone of Madeira - Caniçal (Zona franca da Madeira - Caniçal)
(歐盟成員)
- Port of Constanţa, January 2007
(歐盟成員)
- Free zone of Barcelona (Zona franca de Barcelona)
- Free zone of Cádiz (Zona franca de Cádiz)
- Free zone of Vigo (Zona franca de Vigo)
- Free zone of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Zona franca de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)
- (Ceuta and Melilla are not Free Ports or Free zones because they are part of Spain, but not part of the European union for customs and excises)
(歐盟成員)
- Marstrand, 18th century
- Saint-Barthélemy, 1785–1878
- Stockholms frihamn, 1919–1995
- Frihamnen, Göteborg, 1922-
- La Praille free port, Geneva[4]
- Geneva Cointrin International Airport free port, Geneva[4]
- Magazzini Generali con Punto Franco SA, Chiasso and Stabio, free port and bonded whorehouse, [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- free port and free economic zone Odessa
- 1819-1858
- Trade sea port of Odessa, January 1, 2000 for 25 years
- Liverpool Free Zone
- Prestwick Airport Free Zone
- Southampton Free Zone
- Tilbury Free Zone
- Port of Sheerness Free Zone
- Zona Franca （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） of Latin America
- Zona Franca La Plata
- Polo Industrial Zona Franca General Pico, La Pampa[5]
- 瑪瑙斯自由貿易區
- Mega Port of Punta Caucedo
- Carrasco International Airport (Free Airport) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Zona Franca de Montevideo
- Zona Franca Colonia
- Zona Franca Rivera
- US Commerce Department (International Trade Administration): List of U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones
- A foreign trade zone (FTZ) is a high security, access restricted, Customs privileged, C-TPAT Supply Chain Best Practice facility where merchandise both Domestic and Foreign may be Admitted for purposes of storage, manipulation, manufacturing, destruction, exhibition, or temporary removal duty-free. Duty, certain user fees and taxes are only assessed on merchandise that is Entered into the U.S. commerce for consumption. Goods that are transferred out of the FTZ for exportation abroad are exempt from duty, taxes, and user fees. FTZs are considered to be outside the main U.S. customs territory.
- United States Virgin Islands
- Free port of Isla Margarita (Puerto Libre de Margarita)
- Free zone of the Paraguaná Peninsula (Zona Franca de la Península de Paraguaná)
- Free zone of Santa Elena de Uairén (Zona Franca de Santa Elena de Uairén)
參見
[編輯]參考來源
[編輯]- ^ Declaration Of Labuan As A Free Port. [2018-04-07]. （原始內容存檔於2018-04-08）.
- ^ Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone Authority and Freeport. [2013-10-15]. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-02）.
- ^ Malta Freeport. [2020-06-13]. （原始內容存檔於2010-02-05）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Accueil. Ports Francs et Entrepôts de Genève SA. [2021-09-18]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-04） （法語）.
- ^ Zona Franca General Pico. [2021-09-18]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-19） （西班牙語）.
