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- تتمتع وكالة المخابرات المركزية الأمريكية (CIA) بتاريخ طويل من التدخل في العراق. على الرغم من أن وكالة المخابرات المركزية لم تكن متورطة بشكل مباشر في الانقلاب البعثي عام 1963 الذي أطاح بعبد الكريم قاسم، إلا أنها كانت تخطط لإزالة قاسم من منتصف عام 1962 حتى الإطاحة به، وتطوير الاتصالات مع جماعات المعارضة العراقية بما في ذلك حزب البعث ويخططون لـ «إعاقة» عضو رفيع المستوى في حكومة قاسم بمنديل مسموم. بعد أن بدا أن الانقلاب البعثي في عام 1968 قد دفع العراق إلى دائرة النفوذ السوفيتي، تواطأت وكالة المخابرات المركزية مع الحكومة الإيرانية الملكية آنذاك لزعزعة استقرار العراق من خلال تسليح المتمردين الأكراد. ابتداء من عام 1982، بدأت وكالة المخابرات المركزية تقديم معلومات استخباراتية عن العراق خلال الحرب الإيرانية العراقية. كما شاركت وكالة المخابرات المركزية في الانقلاب الفاشل عام 1996 ضد صدام حسين. لعبت المخابرات دورًا مهمًا وفعالًا بشكل عام في حرب الخليج الثانية في أوائل التسعينيات، لكنها كانت أكثر إثارة للجدل فيما يتعلق بتبرير وتخطيط غزو العراق في عام 2003. انظر المدخلات الكرونولوجية المناسبة أدناه. (ar)
- The United States (U.S.) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been involved in covert actions and contingency planning in Iraq ever since the 1958 overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy, although the historiography of Iraq–United States relations prior to the 1980s is considered relatively underdeveloped, with the first in-depth academic studies being published in the 2010s. While the CIA was not directly involved in the 1963 Ba'athist coup that ousted Abd al-Karim Qasim, it had been plotting to remove Qasim from mid-1962 until his overthrow, developing contacts with Iraqi opposition groups including the Ba'ath Party and planning to "incapacitate" a high-ranking member of Qasim's government with a poisoned handkerchief. After the 1968 Ba'athist coup appeared to draw Iraq into the Soviet sphere of influence, the CIA colluded with the then-monarchial government of Iran to destabilize Iraq by arming Kurdish rebels, who suffered a total defeat after Iran and Iraq resolved their border dispute. Beginning in 1982, the CIA began providing Iraq intelligence during the Iran–Iraq War. The CIA was also involved in the failed 1996 coup against Saddam Hussein. Intelligence played an important and generally effective role in the Gulf War in the early 1990s, but was much more controversial with respect to justifying and planning the invasion of Iraq in 2003. See the appropriate chronological entries below. (en)
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- 0001-11-13 (xsd:gMonthDay)
- Estimates on the size of the crowds that came to view the dangling corpses spread seventy meters apart in Liberation Square—increasing the area of sensual contact between mutilated body and mass—vary from 150,000 to 500,000. Peasants streamed in from the surrounding countryside to hear the speeches. The proceedings, along with the bodies, continued for twenty-four hours, during which the President, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and a host of other luminaries gave speeches and orchestrated the carnival-like atmosphere. (en)
- While it's still early, the Iraqi revolution seems to have succeeded. It is almost certainly a net gain for our side. ... We will make informal friendly noises as soon as we can find out whom to talk with, and ought to recognize as soon as we're sure these guys are firmly in the saddle. CIA had excellent reports on the plotting, but I doubt either they or UK should claim much credit for it. (en)
- In 1961 and 1962, we increased our interest in the Ba'ath—not to actively support it—but politically and intellectually, we found the Ba'ath interesting. We found it particularly active in Iraq. Our analysis of the Ba'ath was that it was comparatively moderate at that time, and that the United States could easily adjust to and support its policies. So we watched the Ba'ath's long, slow preparation to take control. They planned to do it several times, and postponed it. (en)
- Until things sort themselves out, and until we get better information—we have no representation in Baghdad—it's impossible to tell what the effect of last night's coup will be. ... The intelligence community's initial reading is that the new group—apparently Baathists—will be more difficult than their predecessors, but at this point no one knows how radical they will be. So far, their communiques have taken a fairly moderate line by Iraqi standards, promising economic reforms, honest government, a 'wise' solution of the Kurdish problem, and Arab unity against the Zionist and Imperialist threats. On the other hand, if these people are Baathists, their tendencies will be towards moving Iraq even closer to Fatah, the Syrians and the Soviets. (en)
- In the cellars of al-Nihayyah Palace, which the [National Guard's] Bureau [of Special Investigation] used as its headquarters, were found all sorts of loathsome instruments of torture, including electric wires with pincers, pointed iron stakes on which prisoners were made to sit, and a machine which still bore traces of chopped-off fingers. Small heaps of blooded clothing were scattered about, and there were pools on the floor and stains over the walls. (en)
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