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Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (German: Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) is a 1921 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. In this monograph, Freud describes psychological mechanisms at work within mass movements. A mass, according to Freud, is a "temporary entity, consisting of heterogeneous elements that have joined together for a moment." He refers heavily to the writings of sociologist and psychologist Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), summarizing his work at the beginning of the book in the chapter Le Bons Schilderung der Massenseele ("Le Bon's description of the group mind"). Like Le Bon, Freud says that as part of the mass, the individual acquires a sense of infinite power allowing him to act on impulses that he would otherwise have to curb as an isolated ind

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  • Psicologia de les masses i anàlisi del jo (en alemany Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) és una obra de Sigmund Freud publicada 1921. La «simple idea» d'explicar la psicologia de les masses sorgiria en la primavera de 1919, iniciant la seva elaboració, esborrany inclòs, a l'any següent. La seva forma definitiva quedaria gestada a la primavera de 1921, no sent publicada fins a l'estiu. Les idees exposades en aquest llibre s'instiren en les següents tres fonts: * Tòtem i tabú * Introducció del narcisisme * Dol i malenconia Reprendrà al seu torn els seus estudis sobre l'hipnotisme i la suggestió, ja tractats aviat en la seva etapa inicial amb Jean-Martin Charcot. La importància fonamental d'aquesta obra apunta en dues diferents direccions: 1. * La psicologia de les masses queda explicada a partir dels canvis en la psicologia del pensament separat. 2. * Resulta ser un avanç en la investigació sobre l'anatomia estructural de la psique, introduïda a Més enllà del principi de plaer i desenvolupada en . (ca)
  • Η Ψυχολογία των μαζών και ανάλυση του εγώ είναι τίτλος συγγράματος του θεμελιωτή της ψυχανάλυσης Σίγκμουντ Φρόιντ, το οποίο δημοσιεύτηκε αρχικά στη γερμανική γλώσσα το 1921. Ο Φρόιντ, εδώ, καταπιάνεται με το ζήτημα της ψυχολογικής ανάλυσης της έννοιας της μάζας, ενός παροδικού σχηματισμού ετερόκλητων ανθρώπων με κάποιο κοινό χαρακτηριστικό και πρόσκαιρα ομοιογενή συμπεριφορά, από ψυχαναλυτική σκοπιά. (el)
  • Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse ist eine Schrift von Sigmund Freud aus dem Jahr 1921. (de)
  • Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo (en alemán Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) es una obra de Sigmund Freud publicada en 1921. (es)
  • Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (German: Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) is a 1921 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. In this monograph, Freud describes psychological mechanisms at work within mass movements. A mass, according to Freud, is a "temporary entity, consisting of heterogeneous elements that have joined together for a moment." He refers heavily to the writings of sociologist and psychologist Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), summarizing his work at the beginning of the book in the chapter Le Bons Schilderung der Massenseele ("Le Bon's description of the group mind"). Like Le Bon, Freud says that as part of the mass, the individual acquires a sense of infinite power allowing him to act on impulses that he would otherwise have to curb as an isolated individual. These feelings of power and security allow the individual not only to act as part of the mass, but also to feel safety in numbers. This is accompanied, however, by a loss of conscious personality and a tendency of the individual to be infected by any emotion within the mass, and to amplify the emotion, in turn, by "mutual induction". Overall, the mass is "impulsive, changeable, and irritable. It is controlled almost exclusively by the unconscious." Freud extensively quotes Le Bon, who explains that the state of the individual in the crowd is "hypnotic", with which Freud agrees. He adds that the contagion and the higher suggestibility are different kinds of change of the individual in de mass. Freud distinguishes between two types of masses. One is the short-lived kind, characterized by a rapidly transient interest, such as a trend or fad. The other kind consists of more permanent and enduring masses, which are highly organized, such as a religion or the military. "The masses of the former type, so to speak, ride on the latter, like the short but high waves on the long swell of the sea." However, the same basic mental processes operate in both kinds of masses. Freud refers back to his theory of instincts and believes that masses are held together by libidinal bonds. Each individual in the mass acts on impulses of love that are diverted from their original objectives. They pursue no direct sexual goal, but "do not therefore work less vigorously". Freud initially called the (largely unconscious) identification with the other individuals of the mass, all of whom are drawn in the same way to the leader, a binding element. The ego perceives a significant similarity with others in the group and identifies with them. In addition, admiration and idealization of the leader of the group takes place through the process of idealization. The narcissistic libido is displaced to the object which is "loved because of its perfection which the individual has sought for his own ego". Also, a process of identification with the aggressor can take place, for example, as happens in regression. Thus, Freud came to the conclusion: "A primary mass is a number of individuals who have put one and the same object in place of their ego ideal and consequently identify with each other." (en)
  • Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi est un ouvrage écrit par Sigmund Freud en 1920 et publié l'année suivante sous le titre Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse puis traduit pour la première fois en français en 1924 sous le titre Psychologie collective et analyse du moi. Publié un an après Au-delà du principe de plaisir, il constitue le deuxième temps du grand remaniement théorique des années 1920 et sera suivi de l’article Le Moi et le Ça (1923). S'efforçant de combler le traditionnel fossé entre psychologie individuelle et psychologie sociale, Freud s’intéresse au psychisme de l’individu dès lors qu'il s'intègre à une foule, puis tente d'en tirer différents enseignements, tant sur le fonctionnement de l'individu que sur celui de la société. (fr)
  • Psicologia delle masse e analisi dell'Io è un'opera di Sigmund Freud pubblicata nel 1921. In questa monografia, Freud descrive i meccanismi psicologici attivati nel gruppo (massa) in azione. (it)
  • Het ik en de psychologie der massa (Oorspronkelijk in het Duits: Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) is een boek uit 1921 geschreven door Sigmund Freud. Dit werk legt de psychologische mechanismen uit van groepsgedrag. Deze monografie begint na een korte inleiding met hoofdstuk II getiteld Le Bon’s beschrijving van de In zijn tekst put Freud veel uit de geschriften van de socioloog en psycholoog Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931). Le Bon beschreef dit in zijn boek (De psychologie der massa's) uit 1895. In het daaropvolgende hoofdstuk benoemd hij kort de visie van Scipio Sighele en uitgebreider die van op basis van diens boek . Vervolgens integreert Freud zijn concept van het Oedipus-complex in de massapsychologie. Ook het werk van komt kort ter sprake als bron voor Freud analyse, evenals de pionierende sociologen Scipio Sighele en Gabriel Tarde die boeken over dit onderwerp publiceerden. (nl)
  • «Психология масс и анализ Я» (нем. Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) — книга австрийского врача и психолога, основателя психоанализа Зигмунда Фрейда, которую он создавал в период 1920-1921 годов. (ru)
  • Psicologia de Grupo e a Análise do Ego (no Brasil, Psicologia das Massas e a Análise do Eu) é um livro de Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) publicado inicialmente em Leipzig, Viena e Zurique (1921), em alemão, com o título de Massenpsychologie Ich-Analyse, sendo logo em seguida traduzido para inglês como Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, por James Strachey. A distinção entre a psicologia de grupo e das massas ou coletiva, que inclusive faz parte da introdução do livro, é um tema ainda polêmico no âmbito da psicologia social, que para uns limita-se ao estudo do processo grupal ou dinâmica de grupo e para outros se estende à dimensão sociológica do sujeito coletivo (sócio-histórico) ou à concepção de mente grupal (dinâmica de um grupo como sujeito). (pt)
  • Психологія мас і аналіз "Я" людини (нім. Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) - книга австрійського психолога та засновника психоаналізу - Зигмунда Фрейда. Вперше видана у 1921 році у Відні. (uk)
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  • Cover of the first edition of Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse (en)
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  • Austria (en)
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  • Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (en)
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  • German (en)
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  • Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (en)
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  • de (en)
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  • Η Ψυχολογία των μαζών και ανάλυση του εγώ είναι τίτλος συγγράματος του θεμελιωτή της ψυχανάλυσης Σίγκμουντ Φρόιντ, το οποίο δημοσιεύτηκε αρχικά στη γερμανική γλώσσα το 1921. Ο Φρόιντ, εδώ, καταπιάνεται με το ζήτημα της ψυχολογικής ανάλυσης της έννοιας της μάζας, ενός παροδικού σχηματισμού ετερόκλητων ανθρώπων με κάποιο κοινό χαρακτηριστικό και πρόσκαιρα ομοιογενή συμπεριφορά, από ψυχαναλυτική σκοπιά. (el)
  • Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse ist eine Schrift von Sigmund Freud aus dem Jahr 1921. (de)
  • Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo (en alemán Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) es una obra de Sigmund Freud publicada en 1921. (es)
  • Psicologia delle masse e analisi dell'Io è un'opera di Sigmund Freud pubblicata nel 1921. In questa monografia, Freud descrive i meccanismi psicologici attivati nel gruppo (massa) in azione. (it)
  • «Психология масс и анализ Я» (нем. Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) — книга австрийского врача и психолога, основателя психоанализа Зигмунда Фрейда, которую он создавал в период 1920-1921 годов. (ru)
  • Психологія мас і аналіз "Я" людини (нім. Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) - книга австрійського психолога та засновника психоаналізу - Зигмунда Фрейда. Вперше видана у 1921 році у Відні. (uk)
  • Psicologia de les masses i anàlisi del jo (en alemany Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) és una obra de Sigmund Freud publicada 1921. La «simple idea» d'explicar la psicologia de les masses sorgiria en la primavera de 1919, iniciant la seva elaboració, esborrany inclòs, a l'any següent. La seva forma definitiva quedaria gestada a la primavera de 1921, no sent publicada fins a l'estiu. Les idees exposades en aquest llibre s'instiren en les següents tres fonts: * Tòtem i tabú * Introducció del narcisisme * Dol i malenconia (ca)
  • Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (German: Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) is a 1921 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. In this monograph, Freud describes psychological mechanisms at work within mass movements. A mass, according to Freud, is a "temporary entity, consisting of heterogeneous elements that have joined together for a moment." He refers heavily to the writings of sociologist and psychologist Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), summarizing his work at the beginning of the book in the chapter Le Bons Schilderung der Massenseele ("Le Bon's description of the group mind"). Like Le Bon, Freud says that as part of the mass, the individual acquires a sense of infinite power allowing him to act on impulses that he would otherwise have to curb as an isolated ind (en)
  • Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi est un ouvrage écrit par Sigmund Freud en 1920 et publié l'année suivante sous le titre Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse puis traduit pour la première fois en français en 1924 sous le titre Psychologie collective et analyse du moi. Publié un an après Au-delà du principe de plaisir, il constitue le deuxième temps du grand remaniement théorique des années 1920 et sera suivi de l’article Le Moi et le Ça (1923). (fr)
  • Het ik en de psychologie der massa (Oorspronkelijk in het Duits: Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse) is een boek uit 1921 geschreven door Sigmund Freud. Dit werk legt de psychologische mechanismen uit van groepsgedrag. (nl)
  • Psicologia de Grupo e a Análise do Ego (no Brasil, Psicologia das Massas e a Análise do Eu) é um livro de Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) publicado inicialmente em Leipzig, Viena e Zurique (1921), em alemão, com o título de Massenpsychologie Ich-Analyse, sendo logo em seguida traduzido para inglês como Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, por James Strachey. (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Psicologia de les masses i anàlisi del jo (ca)
  • Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse (de)
  • Ψυχολογία των μαζών και ανάλυση του εγώ (el)
  • Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (en)
  • Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo (es)
  • Psicologia delle masse e analisi dell'Io (it)
  • Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi (fr)
  • Het ik en de psychologie der massa (nl)
  • Psicologia de Grupo e a Análise do Ego (pt)
  • Психология масс и анализ Я (ru)
  • Психологія мас і аналіз "Я" людини (uk)
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  • Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (en)
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