-juk

See also: juk, Juk, and -jük

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [juk]
• Rhymes: -uk

Etymology 1

Possessive suffix.

Suffix

-juk

2. (possessive suffix) their (third-person plural, single possession)

   ‎kar (“arm”) + ‎-juk → ‎karjuk (“their arms”)

   ‎hajó (“ship”) + ‎-juk → ‎hajójuk (“their ship”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -uk is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-uk → ‎házuk (“their house”)

  -ük is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎gyerek (“child”) + ‎-ük → ‎gyerekük (“their child”)

  -juk is added to back-vowel words ending either in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

  ‎kar (“arm”) + ‎-juk → ‎karjuk (“their arms”)

  ‎hajó (“ship”) + ‎-juk → ‎hajójuk (“their ship”)

  ‎alma (“apple”) + ‎-juk → ‎almájuk (“their apple”)

  -jük is added to front-vowel words ending either in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

  ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-jük → ‎kertjük (“their garden”)

  ‎érme (“coin”) + ‎-jük → ‎érméjük (“their coin”)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-juk	—
accusative	-jukat	—
dative	-juknak	—
instrumental	-jukkal	—
causal-final	-jukért	—
translative	-jukká	—
terminative	-jukig	—
essive-formal	-jukként	—
essive-modal	-jukul	—
inessive	-jukban	—
superessive	-jukon	—
adessive	-juknál	—
illative	-jukba	—
sublative	-jukra	—
allative	-jukhoz	—
elative	-jukból	—
delative	-jukról	—
ablative	-juktól	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	-juké	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	-jukéi	—

Etymology 2

Personal suffix.

Suffix

-juk

2. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood and subjunctive mood, definite conjugation).

   hall (“to hear”) → Nem halljuk, amit mondasz. ― We can’t hear what you are saying.

Usage notes

• (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the tables below.

    Present tense definite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-od	-ed	-öd
ő maga ön	3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular	-ja	-i
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-itek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural	-ják	-ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

    Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings

Person		Back    vowel	Front    vowel
én	1st person singular	-jam	-jem
te	2nd person singular	-d
	long form	-jad	-jed
ő maga / ön	3rd person singular	-ja	-je
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-jétek
ők maguk / önök	3rd person plural	-ják	-jék
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
Verb ending	Assimilation rules of -j
s sz z dz	The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.)
st szt	The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd.
long vowel + t or consonant + t	The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd.
short vowel + t	Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd.

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes