hinder

See also: hinder- and Hinder

English

WOTD – 8 January 2008

Alternative forms

• hindre (archaic)

Etymology 1

From Middle English hindren, from Old English hindrian, from Proto-Germanic *hindrōną, *hinderōną (“to hinder”), from Proto-Germanic *hinder (“back”) (adverb). Cognate with Dutch hinderen and German hindern, Latin contra (“back, against”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈhɪndə/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈhɪndɚ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪndə(ɹ)

Verb

hinder (third-person singular simple present hinders, present participle hindering, simple past and past participle hindered)

1. (transitive) To make difficult to accomplish; to act as an obstacle; to frustrate.

   Synonyms: delay, frustrate, hamper, impede, obstruct, prevent, thwart; see also Thesaurus:hinder

   Antonyms: assist, expedite, facilitate, help

   A drought hinders the growth of plants.

   • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 75, column 2:

     We doubt not of a faire and luckie Warre, / Since God ſo graciouſly hath brought to light / This dangerous Treaſon, lurking in our way, / To hinder our beginnings.

   • 2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 – 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport‎^[1], archived from the original on 5 December 2018:

     Arsenal were playing without a recognised full-back – their defence comprising four centre-halves – and the lack of width was hindering their progress.

2. (transitive, intransitive) To delay or impede; to keep back, to prevent.

   Synonyms: bar, block, delay, hamper, impede, obstruct, restrain, stop

   Antonyms: aid, assist, help

   She hindered a man from committing suicide.

   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii], page 28, column 1:

     Then let me goe, and hinder not my courſe: [...]

   • 1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Who Heir?”, in Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC, book I, paragraph 142, pages 181–182:

     [I]f in thoſe days Cham and Japhet, and other Parents beſides the Eldest Son were Heads and Princes over their Families, and had a right to divide the Earth by Families, what hinders Younger Brothers, being Fathers of Families from having the ſame right, [...]

3. (transitive, obsolete) To cause harm.

Derived terms

• hinderer
• hinderment
• hindersome
• hindrance
• unhindered

 

Translations

to make difficult to accomplish

• Albanian: mbodhis (sq), vonoj (sq)
• Aleut: ayqiniisax̂talix
• Arabic: عَاقَ (ʕāqa), عَرْقَلَ (ʕarqala), مَنَعَ (ar) (manaʕa)
• Armenian: խոչընդոտել (hy) (xočʻəndotel), խանգարել (hy) (xangarel)
• Bulgarian: затруднявам (bg) (zatrudnjavam)
• Catalan: destorbar (ca), dificultar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Hokkien: 阻礙／阻碍 (zh-min-nan), 阻礙／阻碍 (zh-min-nan) (chó͘-gāi)

  Mandarin: 妨礙／妨碍 (zh) (fáng'ài), 阻礙／阻碍 (zh) (zǔ'ài), 阻礙／阻碍 (zh) (zǔ'ài)

• Czech: ztěžovat, komplikovat
• Danish: hindre
• Dutch: hinderen (nl) (hinder), moeilijk maken (nl) (make difficult)
• Esperanto: malhelpi (eo)
• Estonian: takistama, pidurdama, tagasi hoidma
• Finnish: estää (fi), haitata (fi), vaikeuttaa (fi)
• French: entraver (fr)
• Galician: dificultar (gl), estorbar
• Georgian: აბრკოლებს (abrḳolebs), აფერხებს (aperxebs), ხელს უშლის (xels ušlis), ურთულებს (urtulebs), აკავებს (aḳavebs), ბოჭავს (boč̣avs)
• German: erschweren (de), behindern (de)
• Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan)
• Greek: παρεμποδίζω (el) (parempodízo)

  Ancient: κολύω (kolúō)

• Hungarian: meggátol (hu), megakadályoz (hu)
• Ingrian: estää, hämmentää
• Italian: impedire (it)
• Japanese: 妨げる (ja) (さまたげる, samatageru)
• Korean: 저지하다 (jeojihada)
• Latin: obstō (la), officiō
• Maori: whakakōpekapeka, whakakōroiroi
• Norwegian:

  Norwegian Bokmål: hemme

  Norwegian Nynorsk: hemme

• Oromo: gufachiisuu
• Persian: دشوار کردن (došvâr kardan)
• Polish: utrudniać (pl) impf, utrudnić (pl) pf, przeszkadzać (pl) impf, przeszkodzić (pl) pf, powstrzymywać (pl) impf, powstrzymać (pl) pf
• Portuguese: dificultar (pt), frustrar (pt)
• Romanian: împiedica (ro), stânjeni (ro), îngreuna (ro)
• Russian: меша́ть (ru) impf (mešátʹ), помеша́ть (ru) pf (pomešátʹ), препя́тствовать (ru) impf (prepjátstvovatʹ), воспрепя́тствовать (ru) pf (vosprepjátstvovatʹ), стесня́ть (ru) impf (stesnjátʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: спречити, отежавати

  Roman: sprečiti (sh), otežavati (sh)

• Slovak: sťažovať, prekážať, brániť, brzdiť, komplikovať
• Spanish: impedir (es), (formally) obstar (es), dificultar (es), estorbar (es), embarazar (es)
• Swahili: kinga (sw), kinza
• Swedish: hindra (sv), försvåra (sv) (to make difficult)
• Tamil: தடு (ta) (taṭu)
• Thai: กีดขวาง (th) (gèet-kwăang), กีด (th) (gèet)
• Tocharian B: täṅk-
• Welsh: rhwystro (cy)
• Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)
• Zazaki: deswar kerden

to keep back; to delay or impede

• Albanian: pengoj (sq)
• Arabic: عَاقَ (ʕāqa), عَرْقَلَ (ʕarqala)
• Armenian: խոչընդոտել (hy) (xočʻəndotel)
• Aromanian: ncheadic
• Bulgarian: преча (bg) (preča), спъвам (bg) (spǎvam)
• Catalan: destorbar (ca), dificultar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 阻住 (zo² zyu⁶)

  Hokkien: 阻礙／阻碍 (zh-min-nan), 阻礙／阻碍 (zh-min-nan) (chó͘-gāi)

  Mandarin: 妨礙／妨碍 (zh) (fáng'ài), 阻礙／阻碍 (zh) (zǔ'ài), 阻礙／阻碍 (zh) (zǔ'ài)

• Czech: překážet (cs), bránit (cs), zdržovat (cs)
• Danish: hindre
• Dutch: hinderen (nl) (hinder, impede), verhinderen (nl) (hinder, impede), vertragen (nl) (delay)
• Esperanto: malhelpi (eo)
• Estonian: takistama
• Faroese: hindra, forða, tálma, tarna
• Finnish: estää (fi), haitata (fi), viivyttää (fi), pidättää (fi)
• French: entraver (fr), délayer (fr)
• Galician: impedir (gl), estorbar, atrapallar (gl), avetar, toller (gl), pexar, engueimar, barar, enfezar, encalfurnar
• Georgian: ხელის შეშლა (xelis šešla), შეფერხება (šeperxeba), დაბრკოლება (dabrḳoleba)
• German: hindern (de), behindern (de), erschweren (de)
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (analatjan)
• Greek: παρεμποδίζω (el) (parempodízo)

  Ancient: κωλύω (kōlúō), ἐγκόπτω (enkóptō)

• Hindi: रोकना (hi) (roknā)
• Hungarian: gátol (hu), akadályoz (hu), feltart (hu)
• Icelandic: varna, tálma
• Italian: ostacolare (it), ritardare (it), intralciare (it), impedire (it)
• Japanese: 妨げる (ja) (さまたげる, samatageru)
• Khmer: ពាំង (km) (bpēiəng)
• Korean: 방해하다 (ko) (banghaehada)
• Latin: impediō
• Low German:

  German Low German: hinnern, behinnern

• Luxembourgish: hënneren, behënneren
• Maori: whakakōpekapeka
• Norwegian:

  Norwegian Bokmål: hindre (no), forhindre (no)

  Norwegian Nynorsk: hindre, forhindre

• Old English: hindrian
• Persian: بازداشتن (fa)
• Polish: wstrzymywać (pl), opóźniać (pl)
• Portuguese: impedir (pt), reter (pt), entravar (pt), estorvar (pt), atrapalhar (pt)
• Romanian: împiedica (ro), reține (ro)
• Russian: меша́ть (ru) impf (mešátʹ), помеша́ть (ru) pf (pomešátʹ), препя́тствовать (ru) impf (prepjátstvovatʹ), воспрепя́тствовать (ru) pf (vosprepjátstvovatʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: спречити, запречавати, кочити, одмоћи

  Roman: sprečiti (sh), zaprečavati, kočiti (sh), odmoći

• Slovak: spomaľovať, brzdiť, brániť, zdržovať, prekážať, blokovať, stáť v ceste
• Slovene: ovirati
• Spanish: estorbar (es), impedir (es), entorpecer (es)
• Swahili: zuia (sw), pinga (sw)
• Swedish: hindra (sv), fördröja (sv) (to delay)
• Thai: หยุดยั้ง (yòot yáng)
• Urdu: روکنا (roknā)
• Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)

Etymology 2

comparative form of hind: more hind

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɪn.də/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɪn.dɚ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪndə(ɹ)

Adjective

hinder (not comparable)

1. Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear or hind, or which follows.

   the hinder end of a wagon

   the hinder parts of a horse

   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

     Let no man say that the Devil is not a cruel tyrant. He may give his folk some scrapings of unhallowed pleasure, but he will exact tithes, yea, of anise and cummin, in return, and there is aye the reckoning to pay at the hinder end.

   • 1990, C. W. H. Havard, editor, Black's Medical Dictionary, 36th edition, page 673:

     On a line dividing the front two-thirds from the hinder one-third, and set in the shape of a V, is a row of seven to twelve large flat-topped circumvallate papillae, […]

Adjective

hinder

1. comparative form of hind: more hind

Usage notes

Most current uses of this adjective occur in anatomical contexts.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:hinder.

Synonyms

• (of or belonging to that part in the rear): back, hind, rear, posterior

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “of or belonging to that part in the rear”): fore, front

Related terms

• hind
• hindermost
• hindmost

Translations

of or belonging to that part in the rear

• Arabic: خَلْفِيّ (ḵalfiyy)
• Armenian: ետևի (etewi), ետին (hy) (etin)
• Bulgarian: заден (bg) (zaden)
• Chinese:

  Hokkien: 後面／后面 (zh-min-nan) (āu-bīn)

  Mandarin: 後面／后面 (zh) (hòumiàn)

• Danish: bagest, bag-
• Dutch: achterste (nl)
• Esperanto: malantaŭa
• Faroese: aftastur, aftari, afturi
• Finnish: taka- (fi), perä-
• French: arrière (fr), derrière (fr)
• Georgian: უკანა (uḳana)
• German: Hinter- (de), hinter (de)
• Greek: πισινός (el) (pisinós), οπίσθιος (el) (opísthios)
• Hungarian: hátsó (hu)
• Japanese: 後ろの (ushiro no)
• Khmer: ខាងក្រោយ (kāng graoī)
• Korean: 뒤 (ko) (dwi)
• Latin: āversus, posterior
• Macedonian: заден (zaden)
• Norwegian:

  Norwegian Bokmål: bakre, bak-

  Norwegian Nynorsk: bakre, bakare, bak-

• Polish: tylny (pl) m
• Portuguese: traseiro (pt), posterior (pt)
• Russian: за́дний (ru) (zádnij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: стражњи, задњи

  Roman: stražnji (sh), zadnji (sh)

• Slovak: zadný (sk)
• Swedish: bakre (sv), compounds with bak (sv)
• Thai: ส่วนหลัง (sùan lăng), ข้างหลัง (kâang-lǎng), หลัง (th) (lǎng)
• Ukrainian: задній (zadnij)

Noun

hinder (plural hinders)

1. (slang, euphemistic) The buttocks.
   • 1997, Richard Laliberte, Stephen C. George, The Men's Health Guide to Peak Conditioning‎^[2], →ISBN, page 195:

     Like martial arts, in-line skating is predicated on the notion that sooner or later you're going to end up on your hinder.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:hinder.

Translations

slang: buttocks

• Arabic: رِدْف (ar) m (ridf), عَجِيزَة f (ʕajīza)
• Armenian: հետույք (hy) (hetuykʻ)
• Bulgarian: задник (bg) m (zadnik)
• Esperanto: postaĵo
• Finnish: persaus
• Georgian: უკანალი (uḳanali)
• German: Hintern (de) m
• Khmer: គូត (gūt)
• Norwegian:

  Norwegian Bokmål: bakdel, bakende (no), rumpe (no)

  Norwegian Nynorsk: bakdel, bakende, rumpe

• Polish: sempiterna (pl) f
• Portuguese: traseiro (pt) m, bunda (pt) f
• Russian: за́дница (ru) f (zádnica)
• Spanish: nalgas (es) f pl
• Swedish: bak (sv) c, ända (sv) c, rumpa (sv) c
• Thai: ก้น (th) (gôn), ตูด (th) (dtùut)

Anagrams

• herdin', hindre

Danish

Etymology 1

From the verb hindre (“to hinder”). Compare Swedish hinder, German Low German hinder, hinter, Dutch hinder.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /henˀ(d)ər/, [ˈhenˀɐ], [ˈhenˀd̥ɐ]

Noun

hinder n

1. (obsolete) hindrance, obstacle, impediment, obstruction

   in the modern language only in the expression være til hinder (“to be in the way”)

Related terms

• hindre, hindring

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

• hinde

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /henˀər/, [ˈhenˀɐ]

Noun

hinder c

1. indefinite plural of hind

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /henər/, [ˈhenɐ]

Noun

hinder c

1. indefinite plural of hinde

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio (Netherlands):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪndər

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch hinder, from the verb hinderen.

Noun

hinder m (uncountable)

1. hindrance, impediment, obstruction

   Hij ondervindt veel hinder van de chronische ziekte. ― He experiences much hindrance due to the chronic disease.

Derived terms

• geluidshinder

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

hinder

1. inflection of hinderen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

German

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

hinder

1. inflection of hindern:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. singular imperative

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French aider (“to help”).

Verb

hinder

1. (Saint-Domingue) to help

   Hinder nion monde dans bisoin. ― To help a person in need.

References

• S.J Ducoeurjoly, Manuel des habitans de Saint-Domingue, contenant un précis de l'histoire de cette île

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse hindr.

Noun

hinder n (definite singular hinderet or hindret, indefinite plural hinder or hindre, definite plural hindra or hindrene)

1. obstacle, hindrance, impediment
2. fence, jump, hurdle (in a competition)
3. hurdles (athletics, race over hurdles)

References

• “hinder” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “hinder” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse hindr.

Noun

hinder n (definite singular hinderet, indefinite plural hinder, definite plural hindera)

1. obstacle, hindrance, impediment
2. fence, jump, hurdle (in a competition)
3. hurdles (athletics, race over hurdles)

References

• “hinder” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hinder (“behind, back”)

Adverb

hinder

1. back, behind, down

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “hinder”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[3], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Swedish

Etymology

Deverbal from hindra.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Sweden):

  (file)

Noun

hinder n

1. an obstacle, an obstruction

   Hästen hoppade över ett hinder

   The horse jumped an obstacle

   En stor sten mitt i vägen är ett hinder

   A big rock in the middle of the road is an obstacle

2. (figuratively) an obstacle, a barrier, a hindrance, a hurdle, etc.

   hinder för effektiv kommunikation

   barriers to effective communication

   att stöta på hinder

   to run into obstacles

3. (athletics) steeplechase

   3 000 m hinder ― 3000m steeplechase

Usage notes

• (for some cases): Recommendations against the use of this word in legal prose, together with suggested replacements, are found in Svarta listan : Ord och fraser som kan ersättas i författningsspråk (4th ed., 2011), published by the government of Sweden. The recommendations apply primarily to governmental texts; they may or may not apply to other legal prose.

Declension

Declension of hinder

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	hinder	hinders
	definite	hindret	hindrets
plural	indefinite	hinder	hinders
	definite	hindren	hindrens

Derived terms

• farthinder
• funktionshinder
• gränshinder
• handelshinder
• hinderbana
• hinderlöpning
• hindersprövning
• häckhinder
• ishinder
• konkurrenshinder
• rörelsehinder
• snöhinder
• stormhinder
• stridsvagnshinder
• taggtrådshinder
• trafikhinder
• tullhinder
• vandringshinder
• vattenhinder
• verkställighetshinder
• väghinder
• äktenskapshinder

 

Related terms

• förhinder
• hindra

References

• hinder in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• hinder in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• hinder in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• hindra in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• hirden